The Spilomelinae Guinée, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is known as the largest subfamily of the Pyraloidea with a wide distribution in the tropical and temperate zones. In the present study, new taxonomic and faunistic results on this subfamily are presented on the basis of material sampled in the south-western province Dhofar of Oman. In Dhofar three zoogeographical zones intersect, namely the Palearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical zones, with the Afrotropical fauna elements in the majority. The specimens of the sample are attributed to three species of three different genera, namely Herpetogramma, Lederer, 1883 (n=2), Notarcha, Meyrick, 1884 (n=2) and Glyphodes, Meyrick, 1884 (n=2) on the basis of external and genital-morphological characters. The specimens attributed to the genus Herpetogramma, Lederer, 1883 are assigned to a species group known as LBJ (Little Brown Jobs), the species of which are distinguishable by genital-morphological features exclusively. The specimens attributed to the genus Notarcha, Meyrick, 1884 revealed to be very close in wing pattern features to the Notarcha quaternalis Zeller, 1832 species complex. Comparison of the male genitalia of each of the sub-samples with the species of the respective sub-groups revealed significant differences, which result in the descriptions of the new species Herpetogramma debilis Seizmair, sp. nov. and Notarcha viridalis Seizmair, sp. nov. The presence of the genus Notarcha, Meyrick, 1884 is reported as new to the entomofauna of the Arabian Peninsula. The specimens attributed to the genus Glyphodes, Meyrick, 1884 differ significantly in external characters from a sample of seven species with similar forewing longitudinal line patterns. Among the species of this cluster Glyphodes onychinalis Guenée, 1854 is genital-morphologically very close to the specimens of the sample collected. The latter species and the specimens of the sample share the shape of the uncus and the structure of the corpus bursae wall, yet differ significantly in the structure of the valva. These differences result in the description of the new species Glyphodes leucomesalis Seizmair, sp.nov.

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New taxonomic results on the genus Autocharis Swinhoe, 1854 (Lepeidoptera: Crambidae, Odontiinae) are presented on the basis of a sample of 11 specimens collected by the author in southwestern Oman between 2017-2019. The attribution of the material to the genus Autocharis Swinhoe, 1854 and the exclusion of other genera close to Autocharis Swinhoe, 1854 was done on the basis of differential features in the forewing venation. Examination of the wing pattern and the genitalia resulted in the attribution of one part of the sample (10 specimens) to the Autocharis seyrigalis (Marion & Viette, 1956) species complex and of the other part (1 specimen) to the Autocharis fessalis (Swinhoe, 1886) complex. Morphpmetric analysis of the sample and comparison with type material of the respective species groups revealed significant differences between the specimens of the sample and the representants of the two species groups. These differences result in the description of three new species: Autocharis trisignalis Seizmair, sp.nov. Autocharis renalis Seizmair, sp.nov. belonging to the Autocharis seyrigalis (Marion & Viette, 1956) complex and Autocharis arrondalis Seizmair, sp.nov. belonging to the Autocharis fessalis (Swinhoe, 1886) complex. Furthermore, the presence of the Autocharis seyrigalis (Marion & Viette, 1956) complex is reported as new to the entomofauna of the Arabian Peninsula. Up to now, records of the Autocharis seyrigalis (Marion & Viette, 1956) complex have been restricted to South Africa and the Malagasy region.

The Lepidoptera fauna of Dhofar province and Sultanate of Oman in general have been poorly studied with a total of 63 species recorded so far for the province. Our aim was to study the distribution of Lepidoptera more in detail, in particularly for some rare species with limited records. We sum up the results of 13 expeditions to Dhofar in the period between 2008 and 2019. Lepidoptera were recorded from 67 localities covering mostly the three mountain ranges in the region. Among 65 species recorded Colias crocea (Geoffroy, 1785) is new for the country and three are new for the region (Papilio machaon muetingi Seyer, 1976, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 and Pelopidas thrax (Hübner, [1821])) bringing the total to 72 species recorded for Dhofar. Additionally, interesting records for the following species are discussed in detail: Colotis liagore (Klug, 1829), C. protomedia (Klug, 1829), Acraea neobule Doubleday, 1847, Melitaea deserticola scotti Higgins, 1941, Melanitis leda (Linnaeus, 1758), Cigaritis dhofarina Seizmair, 2017, Chloroselas esmeralda bilqis Larsen, 1983, Tarucus balkanicus (Freyer, 1844), Azanus moriqua (Wallengren, 1857), Euchrysops lois (Butler, 1886), Spialia colotes semiconfluens de Jong, 1978, and Spialia zebra bifida (Higgins, 1924). Further surveys during monsoon season would be valuable to complement our study.

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The genus Eublemma Huebner, [1821] (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) is currently subdivided into nine species groups along diagnostic character states in the wing pattern and in the male and female genitalia. In this paper faunistic and taxonomic results on one of these species groups, the Eublemma deserta Staudinger, 1900 species group, are presented on the basis of specimens collected in Saudi-Arabia and in Oman. The specimens are attributed to two species. One of the two species is Eublemma skoui Fibiger, Hacker, 2004, which is reported as new to the entomo fauna of Saudi-Arabia. The diagnostic characters, the global distribution and the local distribution of this species on the Arabian Peninsula are commented on. Data on the phenology and macro-habitat choice of the newly discovered Saudi-Arabian populations are given. The other species is closest related to Eublemma skoui Fibiger, Hacker, 2004, however differs significantly in external and internal character states, namely in the scaling of the labial palpus, the shape of the valva, the shape of the clasper and the harpe, the shape of the saccus, the shape of the phallus apodeme and in the sclerotization of the vesica. These differential character states result in the description of the new species Eublemma constricta sp. nov. The adults and the male genitalia of the new species are described and figured. The female is unknown.

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Updates on the taxonomy and distribution of eleven species of the subfamily Spilomelinae Guinée, 1854 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) are presented on the basis of samples collected in Oman (province Dhofar) and in south-western Saudi-Arabia (provinces Mekka and Asir) by the author. Three species are reported as new to the entomofauna of the Arabian Peninsula -Hydriris ornatalis (Duponchel, 1832), Dysallacta negatalis (Walker, 1859) and Arnia nervosalis Guinée, 1849. The presence of Leucinodes laisalis (Walker, 1859) on the Arabian Peninsula is re-confirmed. The species is furthermore reported as new to the entomofauna of Oman. Two further species are reported for the first time from Oman -Marasmia poeyalis (Boisduval, 1833) and Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker, 1859). Three species are reported as new to the entomofauna of Dhofar -Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel, 1833), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775), Duponchelia fovealis Zeller, 1847. The presence of Glyphodes onychinalis (Guenée, 1854) in Oman (Dhofar) and the presence of Nomophila noctuella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) in Saudi-Arabia are re-confirmed. The male and female genitalia of Dysallacta negatalis (Walker, 1859) are described and figured for the first time. The male genitalia of Glyphodes onychinalis (Guenée, 1854) are redescribed and figured. The male and female genitalia of Leucinodes laisalis (Walker, 1859) and Nomophila noctuella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), the male genitalia of Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker, 1859) and Arnia nervosalis Guinée, 1849, the female genitalia of Marasmia poeyalis (Boisduval, 1833) and Duponchelia fovealis Zeller, 1847 are figured for diagnostic purposes. An updated checklist of the Spilomelinae Guinée, 1854 known till date from the Arabian Peninsula is presented.