We propose a novel regime-switching approach for electricity prices in which simulated and forecasted prices are consistent with currently observed forward prices. Additionally, the model is able to reproduce spikes and negative prices. We distinguish between a base regime as well as upper and lower spike regimes. We derive hourly price forward curves for EEX Phelix, and together with historical hourly spot prices, historical hourly price forward curves are the basis for model calibration. The model can be used for simulation and forecasting of electricity spot prices over short-and medium-term horizons. Tests imply that it shows a better performance than classical time series approaches.
The design and analysis of efficient approximation schemes is of fundamental importance in stochastic programming research. Bounding approximations are particularly popular for providing strict error bounds that can be made small by using partitioning techniques. In this article we develop a powerful bounding method for linear multistage stochastic programs with a generalized nonconvex dependence on the random parameters. Thereby, we establish bounds on the recourse functions as well as compact bounding sets for the optimal decisions. We further demonstrate that our bounding methods facilitate the reliable solution of important real-life decision problems. To this end, we solve a stochastic optimization model for the management of non-maturing accounts and compare the bounds on maximum profit obtained with different partitioning strategies.
Given the perspective of the Swiss energy policy to support investments in renewable energy sources, it becomes highly relevant at this point to understand cross-border effects of imported electricity on the Swiss electricity prices. We found that German (Phelix) and Swiss (Swissix) electricity prices are cointegrated, given that the two markets are interconnected. We examined the cross-border effects of the German market fundamentals on Swissix, taking into account seasonality aspects. In the context of a dynamic fundamental model, we found that there is a continuous adaption process of electricity prices to market fundamentals and that this effect depends on the season of the year and the time of the day. Model results reveal the substitution effect between traditional fuels and renewable energies due to their alternative use in production and the shift in the merit order curve. Results are of great relevance to Swiss policy makers: Switzerland imports lower electricity prices due to the energy transition in Germany. In particular, because of the high infeed of PV (photovoltaic) during peak hours, the spread between Swissix peak and off-peak prices narrowed significantly over time. Incentives for investments in renewable energies in Switzerland as well as subsidies for hydropower should be considered in the light of these insights.
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