No abstract

The data show that high breast weight has a negative influence on the physical and psychological morbidity of women. This objective evidence in support of the medical necessity of reduction mammaplasty should guide managed care organizations' methods for determining coverage for reduction mammaplasty.

Background— Although transfemoral endovascular aneurysm management (TEAM) of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is widely performed, open graft replacement is still considered the standard of care. The aim of this study was to investigate whether clear indications for TEAM can be established in patients with significant comorbidities without investigating differences in relative procedure efficacy or durability. Methods and Results— A propensity score–based analysis of 454 consecutive patients treated electively for AAA from January 1995 through December 2000 was performed. Of those 454 patients, 248 received open surgery and 206 received TEAM. In-hospital mortality rates (MRs) were compared. After adjusting for propensity scores, a Cox proportional hazard model (COX) was employed to test the influence of the respective treatment on postoperative 900-day survival estimates (SEs). Several potential preoperative risk factors were used as covariates. The MR of all patients was 3.7%. Explorative analysis demonstrated that patients treated by TEAM presented with significantly more risk factors. In American Society of Anesthesiologists class IV patients, a significant difference in MR was detected (4.7% for TEAM versus 19.2% for open surgery; P <0.02). After adjusting for the propensity to receive TEAM or open surgery, a regression analysis of survival based on COX revealed predictive influences of impaired kidney ( P <0.047) or pulmonary function ( P <0.001), increased age ( P <0.05), and selection of treatment modality ( P <0.002) on SE. Conclusions— TEAM represents a less invasive procedure for AAA therapy in patients with significant preoperative risk factors. Especially in geriatric patients with multiple morbidities, TEAM offers a method of therapy with acceptable MRs and SEs, making active treatment possible in otherwise incurable patients.