This article seeks to identify the forces which prevent or hinder a reduction in violence practiced against women in diasporic communities. We look at uprootedness as a possible cause or consequence of male violence against intimates within the Iranian community in Canada, tracing the intersection of immigrant culture and the culture of male aggression in the host society. For Haideh Moghissi, who shares the experience of exile with the women discussed here, this paper reflects an effort to better understand the complexity of the diasporic condition, particularly for women of color. As such, she continues the theoretical projects advanced in her book Feminism and Islamic Fundamentalism: The Limits of Postmodern Analysis (Zed Press, 1999), where a distinction is made between defending the rights of Muslim minorities in the West to equity and respect and making excuses for male-centered, authoritarian practices which legitimize violence against women. For Mark Goodman, writing on this subject extends his work on enslaved Africans in the U.S. South where racism, class oppression, lynching, and rape long survived formal abolition. It has helped him to identify new questions in that area in which sexual domination, resistance and resisting women's voices assume a more central location. *
A survey measured student media availability in a representative sample of U.S. public high schools (N = 1,023). Most schools had yearbooks (94%) and newspapers (64%); some had television programs (29%); few had radio programs (3%). Less than a third of newspapers, television programs, and radio programs distributed content online. Logistic regressions showed that large schools were most likely to have each of the media. Findings also reflected some patterns of educational inequality. High-minority large schools, for instance, were less likely than low-minority large schools to have media. Findings can inform and focus outreach efforts to scholastic journalism.
This article introduces the Special Issue on Global Health Security. It provides an overview of the health security threat spectrum, tracing how perceptions of biological and health security threats have evolved in broad terms over the last century from deliberately introduced disease outbreaks to also incorporate natural disease outbreaks, unintended consequences of research, laboratory accidents, lack of awareness, negligence, and convergence of emerging technologies. This spectrum of threats has led to an expansion of the stakeholders and tools involved in intelligence gathering and threat assessments. The article argues that to strengthen global health security and health intelligence, the traditional state-based intelligence community must actively engage with non-security stakeholders and incorporate space for new sources of intelligence. The aim of the Special Issue is to contribute to the larger effort of developing a multidisciplinary, empirically informed and policy-relevant approach to intelligence-academia engagement in global health security that serves both the intelligence community and scholars from a broad range of disciplines. As we write, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading around the globe, with more new cases of infection now being detected outside China than in it. There are significant concerns not only about the pandemic's health impacts, but about its socioeconomic impacts. Stock markets are tumbling, borders are closing, supply chains are interrupted, international meetings and sports events are cancelled, and there is talk of more severe social distancing measures. This Special Issue of Intelligence & National Security introduces readers to the world of health security, to threats like COVID-19, but also to the many other incarnations of global health security threats and their implications for intelligence and national security. The Special Issue was conceived and written before COVID-19 emerged and hit our headlines in early 2020. Yet while the individual articles do not engage with the outbreak explicitly, the points they make form valuable reading in these unsettling times. The over-arching message is that to strengthen global health security and health intelligence, we need to engage across disciplines and sectors. This Special Issue is an effort to nurture that debate. By way of introduction, we provide readers with an overview of the health security threat spectrum, and how perceptions of biological and health security threats, as well as the political responses to them, have evolved over the last century. We also provide a brief sketch of intelligence and biological threat assessments, today and in the past. The authors in the Special Issue are briefly introduced along the way; more extensive biographies accompany their individual articles. Deliberate disease outbreaks Disease outbreaks like COVID-19 have not historically been considered a national security matter. While disease outbreaks among troops have always been a concern, it was the potential that arose in...
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