The potential significance of Strange's [ 1981 ] report hopefully will galvanize the geodetic community into a rigorous reexamination of the way in which the unequal refraction error propagates through a leveling network. Even if no other purpose is served, his paper constitutes a valuable contribution.While we disagree with Strange's central thesis, namely, that the residual refraction error is adequately modeled through the application of the National Geodetic Survey's modified formulation of Kukkamaki
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