On the way to automated layout planning numerous challenges must be faced. One of these challenges is the automated layout evaluation, which can be considered as the core of automated layout planning. The research field of factory planning differs from related research topics such as facility layout planning (FLP) from operations research (OR) by focusing for example on qualitative criteria in the evaluation. However, findings on how qualitative criteria can be interpreted in a quantifiable and measurable way are still rare. In this article, we address these questions with a focus on changeability, which can be regarded as the most important qualitative evaluation criterion in layout planning. For this purpose, a survey was conducted that aims to determine changeability from the understanding of industry experts and to define it consistently with the understanding from literature. Based on this understanding, performance metrics are derived to measure the layout changeability.
Automated driving puts severe challenges on the design and testing of automotive user interfaces. In partially automated driving, the driver is still responsible for the vehicle control, but is strongly supported by technology. In highly automated driving, the driver can give control to the automation for a certain time and can get control back e.g., when the automation encounters limits. Despite great technological progress, a truly intuitive way to interact with these automated driving modes is still under research. Project Vorreiter is addressing this by using the inspiration of a rider and a horse to provide intuitive steering gestures on the steering wheel or an alternative device, which initiate maneuvers executed by the automation. These can be supervised, influenced or interrupted by the driver. The gestures are built up in a universal design approach, which helps all drivers, including beginners and drivers with disabilities. After an introduction into the overall philosophy and concept, the contribution focuses on a final step in the project, an overall evaluation of the concept in a driving simulator and presents new data especially on the comparison of swiping gestures and pushing gestures regarding false or true positive or negative detected gestures. Finally, a brief outlook sketches next steps with a new Wizard-of-Oz / theater vehicle.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.