The good functional outcome and the short intervention time in our present study and not needing a sufficient rotator cuff for implementation purposes suggest the use of the Delta III reverse shoulder prosthesis as a treatment option for elderly patients with comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus.

Purpose The population and spatial characteristics of COVID-19 infections are poorly understood, but there is increasing evidence that in addition to individual clinical factors, demographic, socioeconomic, and racial characteristics play an important role. Methods We analyzed positive COVID-19 testing results counts within New York City ZIP Code Tabulation Areas with Bayesian hierarchical Poisson spatial models using integrated nested Laplace approximations. Results Spatial clustering accounted for approximately 32% of the variation in the data. There was a nearly five-fold increase in the risk of a positive COVID-19 test (incidence density ratio = 4.8, 95% credible interval 2.4, 9.7) associated with the proportion of black/African American residents. Increases in the proportion of residents older than 65 years, housing density, and the proportion of residents with heart disease were each associated with an approximate doubling of risk. In a multivariable model including estimates for age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, housing density, and black/African American race, the only variables that remained associated with positive COVID-19 testing with a probability greater than chance were the proportion of black/African American residents and proportion of older persons. Conclusions Areas with large proportions of black/African American residents are at markedly higher risk that is not fully explained by characteristics of the environment and pre-existing conditions in the population.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone, yet its absolute incidence among malignant tumors is low. Within its strict histologic definition, osteosarcoma comprises a family of lesions with considerable diversity in histologic features and grade. Its prognosis is dependent not only on these parameters, but also on its anatomic site. It may occur inside the bones (in the intramedullary or intracortical compartment), on the surfaces of bones, and in extraosseous sites. Information of diagnostic or prognostic significance has not been elucidated from studies of its cytogenetics. This review summarizes the anatomic and histologic variations of osteosarcoma and offers a schema for its subclassification.