This chapter examines the aftermath of the Persian conquest of Babylonia in the sixth century BCE. It explores the relationship of the Iranian rulers and the indigenous Babylonian urban upper class and analyses the effects of administrative change introduced by the Achaemenid rulers and their officials, especially in the realm of taxation. It suggests that Cyrus the Great and his administration had achieved continuity by securing the cooperation of the traditional Babylonian elite, specifically by honouring the long-standing claims of these families on important offices both in temple and state administration.
This article analyzes the uses of writing in the ambit of Babylonian temple households of the first millennium bc. It describes the social and economic background of Neo-Babylonian temple communities, focusing on the long sixth century the period between the emergence of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the fall of Assyria. It also discusses the structure, aim, and efficiency of temple bureaucracy and addresses the question of the priests' literacy and the use of writing for private record-keeping in priestly households.
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