Introduction MANUFACTUREANDH~TORYPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were synthesized between the early 1920s and 1978 by a variety of manufaclurers in the US, Europe and Japan. They were manufactured for their excellent thermal and electrical properties and were used in a wide variety of commerical applications. These varied from closed-system applications, such as dielectric fluids (capacitors and transfonners) and industrial fluids (hydraulic systems and gas turbines), to open-system applications, such as in the manufacture of adhesives, textiles and printing. They were made as commercial mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls and were manufactured by the direct chlorination of biphenyl using anhydrous chlorine. This was done at temperatures above I50 a C, keeping the biphenyl molten to prevent clogging, in the presence of a catalyst such as iron filings or ferric chloride. The crude product was then purified with 0.3% alkali and distilled under vacuum. The degree of chlorination is dependent upon the contact time of the chlorine and biphenyl, which is usually between 12 and 36 hours. Theoretically, there are 209 possible congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls, but due Abbreviations: APEG, alkali metal polyethylene glycolate; 2,4-D. 2.4.dichlorophcnoxyacctic acid; ORE. destruction and removal efficiency~ECD, electron capture dClector~EI. electron impact; EPA, Environmental Protection Agency; FlO, name ionization detector~OC, gas chromatography~GeMS. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; HEeD. Hall electrolytic conductivity detector; HOPDA.2·bydroxy.6.oxo-6·phenylhexa-2.4-dienoic acjd~HPLC,high-pressure liquid chromatography; leES. International Council for Exploration of the Sea: tCRCL. Interdepartmental Committee on Ihe Reclamation or Contaminated Land; Le, liquid chromatography; MS, mass spectrometry; OECD, Organization for Economic Co·operation and Development; PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls; RRT. relative retenlion lime; SEC. steric effecl coefficientTLC. thin-laycrcbromatography; TOC, lotal organic carbon; TSCA. Toxic Substances Control Acl; UV. ultraviolet *Currer,tAddress: Viri{Jia'J Bioprocessing Lui. J/4-/ 16 John lVi/son Bw;jness Park.

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The oxidation of bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐one and 7‐endo propylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐one was investigated using whole cells of Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 10007 and Xanthobacter autotrophicus NCIMB 10811. The bacteria demonstrated both regio‐ and enantioselective oxidation of the substrates. P. putida gave ‘mirror image’ with both substrates when the products of these oxidations were compared with cells grown on the different enantiomers of camphor. The regio‐ and enantioselectivity of the oxidation of the substrates by X. autotrophicus were enhanced by the 7‐endo propyl substitution of bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐one.

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