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We report a rare case of blunt trauma in a non-augmented multiparous breast of a young Nigeria woman with exsanguinating haemorrhage who had no clotting disorder. She had no seatbelt on at the time of injury and the car was not fitted with air bag device. Prompt surgical intervention to control haemorrhage from the breast was essential in saving her life. Reasons are advanced why this injury is uncommon.: Exsanguinating, blunt trauma, breast

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Introduction: This review describes the role of laparoscopy in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Materials and methods:Keywords, such as laparoscopy, blunt, abdominal, trauma were entered into PubMed search engine and filtered for peer-reviewed articles written in the last 5 years. Results and discussion:The findings from these articles are collated and discussed. Conclusion:Laparoscopy is a safe approach both for diagnosis and treatment of patients with blunt abdominal trauma and is associated with the benefits of laparoscopic approach.

Background: The dearth of adequate facilities and anesthetists limits the number and extent of surgical cases that can be attended to in surgical outreach programs. Inguinal hernia remains a common health burden in the developing world. Tertiary hospitals provide good anesthetic complements to safe surgeries and will be a veritable tool in surgical outreaches. Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the types/techniques of anesthesia used in uncomplicated open inguinal hernia repair in a tertiary hospital-based surgical outreach program. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective analysis of anesthetic techniques used in all uncomplicated inguinal hernia repairs performed in outreach program over 1 week in May 2018. Data were collected with a pro forma, analyzed with SPSS, and presented in tables and figures. Results: One hundred and ninety-five patients with uncomplicated inguinal hernias were recruited for the study. The patients’ age ranged from 0 to 89 years, with a mean age of 33.62 ± 22.75 years. Most cases occurred in children. The male-to-female ratio was 7:1, and the majority were primary hernia repairs. Eighty-seven (44.6%) patients had local anesthesia (LA), 65 (33.3%) had general anesthesia (GA), while 43 (22.1%) had spinal anesthesia (SA). One hundred and sixty-two (83.1%) patients needed intraoperative analgesic augmentation. One hundred and sixty-nine (86.7%) patients were operated as day-case surgeries, while 26 (13.3%) patients were discharged the day after surgery. The failure rate of LA and SA put together was 74.6%, but there was no conversion to GA. Anesthetic complication was observed in 3.4% of cases. Conclusion: Organizing inguinal hernia repair outreach in a tertiary hospital offers the benefit of a full complement of anesthesia, which ensures safe and smooth surgery with low anesthetic complications. Most cases were done as daycare surgeries despite the high failure rate of LA and SA.

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