The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma's Advanced Trauma Life Support Course is currently taught in 50 countries. The 8th edition has been revised following broad input by the International ATLS subcommittee. Graded levels of evidence were used to evaluate and approve changes to the course content. New materials related to principles of disaster management have been added. ATLS is a common language teaching one safe way of initial trauma assessment and management.

POMR should be reported as a health indicator by all countries and regions of the world. POMR reporting is feasible, credible, achieves a consensus of acceptance for reporting at national level. Hospital and Service level POMR requires interpretation using simple measures of risk adjustment such as urgency, age, the condition being treated or the procedure being performed and ASA status.

On May 22 2015, the 68th World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted resolution WHA68.15, "Strengthening emergency and essential surgical care and anesthesia as a component of universal health coverage (UHC)." For the first time, governments worldwide acknowledged and recognized surgery and anesthesia as key components of UHC and health systems strengthening. The resolution details and outlines the highest level of political commitments to address the public health gaps arising from lack of safe, affordable, and accessible surgical and anesthetic services in an integrated approach. This article reviews the background of resolution WHA68.15 and discusses how it can be of use to surgeons, anesthetists, advanced practice clinicians, nurses, and others caring for the surgical patients, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Two-stage hepatectomy is safe and effective in selected patients with initially unresectable CLM. Further studies are required to better define patient selection criteria for TSH and the exact roles of PVE and preoperative and interval chemotherapy.

Current evidence suggests that downsizing systematic chemotherapy followed by rescue liver resection is safe and effective for selected patients with initially unresectable CLM. Further studies are required to examine response rates and secondary resectability using new targeted molecular therapy-based regimens.

This standardized intervention did not demonstrate any significant improvements in caregiver well-being but did result in a decrease in patient emergency department presentations and unplanned hospital readmissions in the immediate post-discharge period. The trend towards improvements in a number of caregiver outcomes and the improvement in health service utilization support further development of telephone-based caregiver-focused supportive care interventions.

A series of 39 consecutive patients with proven hepatic hydatid disease have been followed from the time of presentation to Westmead Hospital with 6 monthly ultrasound examinations. In the 32 patients having surgery in this unit, it has been found that the standard operation-evacuation of the cyst in the plane of the laminated membrane, suture of bile duct openings, and omentoplasty--achieved good local control of liver cysts. Further cysts, mainly in the retroperitoneal area, were identified with increasing frequency as time passed. The recurrence rate reached 22% by 30 months. Recurrence was not seen after that time. The longest period of follow-up was 7 years. Not all recurrences required surgical treatment. Small asymptomatic cysts have been simply observed, and some shrink without further treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that the single main determinant of recurrence was evidence of previous cyst rupture before operation.

Surgical management of hepatic hydatid disease has been associated with an overall local recurrence rate of approximately 10%. Local recurrence is rarely seen following complete resection of an intact cyst and is usually the result of spillage of live parasites or leaving a residual cyst wall containing germinal epithelium, daughter cysts, or protoscolices during surgery. Recurrence is frequently asymptomatic, so the diagnosis depends on dedicated follow-up of treated patients with serology and either ultrasonography or computed tomography. The management of locally recurrent disease should include administration of albendazole followed by the appropriate application of interventional radiotherapy or operation. As with the treatment of primary disease, the preservation of liver function and minimizing the risk to the patient remain the guiding principles of therapy of local recurrence.