PolycrystalsThis section is divided into four subsections. The subsection on synthesis and structure treats electrodeposition, severe plastic deformation, and mechanical alloying. It highlights features that affect mechanical properties such as texture, grain size and shape, internal stress, twinning, dislocations, and point defects. The mechanical properties subsection contrasts yield strength, ductility, strain hardening, strain-rate sensitivity, creep, and fatigue in conventional versus nanocrystalline metals. Underlying deformation mechanisms are then discussed in terms of deformation-mechanism maps and intragranular slip versus grain-boundarymediated regimes. Finally, modeling and simulation approaches are presented in terms of atomistic versus continuum methods.
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