A critical review of the problems encountered in attempting to quantify flood damage is used to demonstrate inconsistencies, omissions, and variabilities among previous studies and procedures. A reasonable procedure for updating residential depth – damage data from previous studies is shown to involve use of the all-items consumer price index. Recommended strategies for flood damage estimation involve calibration of synthetic stage – damage data to observed flood damage data.
A spreadsheet model for forecasting solid waste tonnages is described. The model uses generation coefficients from the technical literature associated with individual material components (paper, glass, metals, plastics and rubber, organic materials, construction waste, inerts and other) to express the amount of waste produced per capita and per employee in the labor force. Estimates of quantities being generated by two major groups, namely domestic and industrial/commercial/institutional sources are reflected in the model's output. Using this disaggregated format, the model estimates total waste, recaptured waste (as a result of policy initiatives), and net refuse. Confidence intervals are developed using a regression model related to the business cycle. Two worked examples are given for data obtained in Canada.
Pad-mounted distribution switchgears are widely used for more than 40 years. This paper review the causes of growing failure rates noted particularly in the last 15 years and review corrective actions being undertaken by Hydro-Québec in order to reduce this failure rate. Insulation contamination associated with high humidity and condensation is the major cause of failure identified.
Two case studies from Southern Ontario are descr bed in wh ch overland flooding in the early sprng caused extensive locaized erosional and otfrer damage to cropland Pedologic and economic appraisals of damages were undertaken. The extent of soils damage was evaluated from a survey of so ls and surface elevat ons along transects crossing the damaged zones. Baseline conditions were deterrnined from soilproftles in undisturbed areas. Soil samples were collected for an assessment of nutr ent content, pH levels and physical properties. Farrn operators using damaged and were interviewed to determine cropp ng patterns, rehabilrtation p ans for damaged ands and perceptions regardrng long-term impacts. Crop y elds n disturbed and und sturbed areas were deterrnined in the tollowing growing season. ln one case models were used to ascertain changes in the so I water regime and in yie d impacts under alternative weather conditions Yield reductions observed in the field for grains, corn and soybeans varied from .1 2 to 62 percent, while the modelling forecast a 4 to 51 percent grain corn yreld reduction in wet years and a 36 to 40 percent reduction n dry years. Rehabilitation plans for darnaged so ls were developed. These included and levelling, supp ementary tillage and herbicide applications, and the introduction of plowdown red clover. The total capitaltzed values o{ damages were estimated based on rehabilitation costs and lost crop revenues.
Inflationary impacts have differentially influenced the prices of various components of water resources projects. Therefore forecasts based on statistical analyses of historical price trends are examined to determine whether the differential inflationary impacts in the future may be predicted. Simple statistical estimates of anticipated rates of change in relative prices are shown not to be reliable predictors of future price movements. Relative price movements may therefore only be forecast on the basis of fairly substantial analyses of market forces.
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