Objective:
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the current evidence on the management of intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma.
Data Sources:
Embase (1947–), Medline (1946–), Cochrane library (1947–), Scopus (2010–), and CINAHL (1961–) were searched from 1969 to October 5, 2019 (50 years).
Study Selection:
A search strategy was performed to identify patients with vestibular schwannoma confined to the internal auditory canal without extension to the cerebellopontine angle. Studies with patients aged less than 18, Neurofibromatosis type 2, revision cases, and non-English language were excluded.
Data Extraction:
A standardized collection sheet was used for the extracted data and a quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale with the comparability criterion omitted.
Data Synthesis:
Seventy-one studies were included with 24 on observation, 14 on radiotherapy, and 34 on surgery. The primary outcome was serviceable hearing preservation. Secondary outcomes were preservation of facial nerve function, growth, involution, and dizziness. Sub-analysis on the type of surgery and type of radiotherapy were performed. Excel 2016 with MIX 2.0 Pro add-on package was used to analyze the data and create forest plots. Data were presented in proportion with a 95% confidence interval.
Conclusions:
Serviceable hearing was observed in 31% of patients after observation, 56% after radiotherapy, and 51% after surgical treatment with mean follow-up time of 4.04 years, 4.92 years, and 2.23 years, respectively. Facial nerve function was found to be best preserved in both observation and radiotherapy groups. Vestibular schwannoma growth occurred in 33% of patients under observation. Involution occurred in 2% of patients under observation and in 38% after radiotherapy.
ObjectiveTo present a case of giant cholesteatoma and review of the contemporary literature.PatientsA 61-year-old male presented with foul-smelling discharge from his right ear in the setting of a previous canal wall down mastoidectomy. Otomicroscopy demonstrated a mastoid cavity filled with infected keratinous debris. Neuro-imaging revealed soft tissue inflammatory changes in the mastoid cavity, with involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and parotid gland and tegmen erosion. Biopsies showed evidence of desquamated epithelium consistent with cholesteatoma, with no malignant cells identified. Audiogram demonstrated a mean hearing loss of 65 dB on the right ear and an air-bone gap of 45 dB. Review of literature was also performed on giant cholesteatoma.InterventionsHe underwent a modified Fisch Type B infratemporal fossa approach to completely remove the cholesteatoma and a vascularized free flap was utilized to fill the surgical defect.Main Outcome MeasuresComplete extirpation of choles-teatoma and resolution of otorrhoea.ResultsRepeat imaging showed complete removal of cholesteatoma and clinically there was resolution of the otorrhea. Review of the literature has shown a lack of consensus around the definition of giant cholesteatoma. Most cases in the literature demonstrated extensive involvement of anatomical spaces beyond the confines of the temporal bone to qualify for the diagnosis of giant cholesteatoma.ConclusionsGiant cholesteatoma should be suspected in cases of recurrent ear discharge following canal wall down mastoidectomy. The case we report add to the literature to benefit future patients in preoperative counseling and better inform management.
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