Introduction Less than 20% of US adults meet physical activity (PA) recommendations, yet few physicians provide consistent PA counseling. There is limited research on the state of education of PA counseling in medical school curricula. The purpose of this study was to analyze medical students’ perspectives on the current state and perceived quality of PA education in medical school. Methods An online survey was administered to the students of nine United States medical schools in January 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze results. Results Of 5500 invited students, 1182 (21.5%) responded. Only 8% of students received any formal training on PA counseling for patient or self-use throughout their medical education. The majority (64% and 85%, respectively) of respondents felt that both learning more about the benefits of PA and gaining more practical skills in counseling on PA should be requirements to graduate. Students across all medical school years agreed that formal training on patient counseling for PA should be taught more in-depth. Conclusions Medical students believe that PA and exercise physiology should comprise more of medical education curricula. Such training may equip students with the tools they believe they need to adequately treat patients effectively throughout their careers.
12This paper describes a dialog management architecture for car telematics systems. The system handles the user's spontaneous utterances and the variable communication conditions between the in-car client and the server. The communication is based on VoiceXML/HTTP, and the development of the server-side application is based on layered extensions of VoiceXML, called DialogXML and ScenarioXML. These extensions provide support for state-and-transition type programming, enable access to dynamic external databases, and share commonly used dialogs via templates. The client system includes a set of small grammars and lexicons for various tasks; only relevant grammars and lexicons are activated under the control of the dialog manager. The server-side applications are integrated via an abstract interface, and the client system may include compact versions of the same applications. The VoiceXML interpreter can switch between applications on both sides intelligently. This helps to reduce bandwidth utilization, and allows the system to continue even if the communication channel is lost.
The Law and the Legal Process are important ingredients in any attempt to insert "Quality of Life" inputs within an environmental control system. This paper discusses the interface between Environmental Concern and the Legal Process. It does not focus on current legislative enactments and proposals but rather upon the ontological constraints.
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