This study was initiated to determine the itiuence of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi on a rhizobhun-legume interaction. Inoculation of subclover with Glomus fascicddus resulted in 2 times as many rhizobium nodules on roots as on nonmycorrhizal controls. Inocuhtion with Glomus mosseue resulted in 1.4 times greater nodule formation compared to the noninoculated controls. Plants inoculated with G. mosseue + G. fusckulatus had 1.9 times more nodules than the controls. Furthermore, inoculation with G. fasciculatus or G. mosswe+ G. fasciculatus resulted in shoot weights and total plant weights nearly double that of the controls. The conclusion is that inoculation with the correct VAM fungal species is as important as the selection of the rhizobium species for subclover growth and development. Authors arc. respectively, associate professor, graduate research assistant, and former student. Debartment of Ranne Manaeement. Humboldt State Universitv. Arcata, Califorttia 45521, and projecy leader, 'kocky 'Mountain Forest and Ran& Experiment Station. Albuquerque,, New Mexico 87106. William Beavis is presently a research assistant. Iowa State Untversity, Ames Xl01 I.
In Japan, neoliberal discourses rationalize English language proficiency as a pathway to meritocratic reward and success in the global knowledge economy. With this ideology in mind, this review engages the market orientation of English domestically and the causative implications of class-distinguished capital. Specifically, Bourdieu’s theory of social reproduction is employed to foster comprehension of Japanese foreign language policies in which English substantiates itself as a valuable source of cultural investment. Notwithstanding the supposedly meritocratic intention of the Japanese state, this study concludes that credentialism, hierarchization, and marketization function in concert with a survival of the fittest corollary that, per globalized ideological-discursive assumptions, constrains agency through the justification of ELL as a vocational and civic moral worth. This conflation of internationalization and Englishization is better understood as an instrument of dominance, with the agency to participate in ELL interlocking with an incontrovertible doxa that rationalizes the economic, social, and political hierarchy.
<div>Abstract<p>Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) is a unique therapeutic target with expression restricted to the apical side of epithelial cell tight junctions thought to be only accessible by intravenously administered agents on malignant tissues where GCC expression is aberrant. In this study, we sought to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a second-generation investigational antibody–dug conjugate (ADC), TAK-164, comprised of a human anti-GCC mAb conjugated via a peptide linker to the highly cytotoxic DNA alkylator, DGN549. The <i>in vitro</i> binding, payload release, and <i>in vitro</i> activity of TAK-164 was characterized motivating <i>in vivo</i> evaluation. The efficacy of TAK-164 and the relationship to exposure, pharmacodynamic marker activation, and biodistribution was evaluated in xenograft models and primary human tumor xenograft (PHTX) models. We demonstrate TAK-164 selectively binds to, is internalized by, and has potent cytotoxic effects against GCC-expressing cells <i>in vitro</i>. A single intravenous administration of TAK-164 (0.76 mg/kg) resulted in significant growth rate inhibition in PHTX models of metastatic colorectal cancer. Furthermore, imaging studies characterized TAK-164 uptake and activity and showed positive relationships between GCC expression and tumor uptake which correlated with antitumor activity. Collectively, our data suggest that TAK-164 is highly active in multiple GCC-positive tumors including those refractory to TAK-264, a GCC-targeted auristatin ADC. A strong relationship between uptake of <sup>89</sup>Zr-labeled TAK-164, levels of GCC expression and, most notably, response to TAK-164 therapy in GCC-expressing xenografts and PHTX models. These data supported the clinical development of TAK-164 as part of a first-in-human clinical trial (NCT03449030).</p></div>
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