A neglected variabl-e in the search for factors that promote long-term weight loss is the influence of significant others. sixty-eight overweight \^romen \^/ere assigned to five treatment conditions: l_) cooperative spouse: spouses attended all therapy sessions with the subjects and were trained in model-ing, monitoring, and reinfoïcement techniques; 2) wives alone: subjects underwent the basic behavioralprogram by themselves; 3) nonparticipating spouse: spouses were told not to particpate in any way in the subjectsr behavioral program; 4) al-ternative treatment: subjects discussed personality dynamics and their rel-ationship to weight ross; and 5) d.elayed treatment control-.There were no significant differences in weight ross among any of the conditions at posttreatment. of the three behavioral-conditions, only the co-operative spouse cond.ition lost significantly more weight than the alternative treatment at the 3-,6-, and l-2-month follovr-ups; the nonparticipating spouse condition lost more weiqht than the alternative treatment at the final follow-up. The co-operative spouse condítion lost significantry more weight than the wives alone condiÈion at the l2-month fol-Io\d-up. Both the co-operative spouse and the nonparticipating spouse conditions maintained their weiqht Iosses at the final follow-up, while the wives alone condition regained some weight. The absence of significant differences between lþs çe-6nara-tive spouse and the nonparticipating spouse conditions suggests that insÈructing spouses not to saboÈage their wives' efforts may be as effective for long-term maintenanca aq e¡rìr¡alr¡ +-aining thixn to aid their wives. Pretreatment wej-ghts \^/ere negatively associated \nrith the weight reduction quotient at the 3-and 6-month foIlow-ups, while ¡:-i.;ì,:-: );1, the number of pounds overweight was negatively associated with the weight reduction quotient at the 6-month follow-up. Of the measures of behavior change, spouse support was positively associated with outcome at the 6-month follow-up. rt was al_so found that subiects who consumed a smaller nunber of calories rel-ative to their prescribed.
Objective: It has only recently been accepted that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists into adulthood. Accordingly, less is known about adult diagnostic and treatment prevalence. We aimed to determine the lifetime prevalence of ADHD diagnosis and psychostimulant prescriptions for young adults in the province of Manitoba and to explore how diagnosis differs according to sociodemographic characteristics and age at diagnosis; and to investigate whether a socioeconomic gradient exists within young adults with a lifetime ADHD diagnosis, as well as the variables that moderate the gradient. Regression analyses tested for differences in rates by sex, region, age, age at diagnosis, and socioeconomic status.Results: Lifetime prevalence for ADHD diagnosis (7.11%) and psychostimulant prescriptions (3.09%) differed according to sex, region, and age. In contrast to previous Manitoban research on childhood ADHD, the socioeconomic gradient for ADHD diagnosis was not found in young adulthood. When region was accounted for, a small negative gradient in the urban population and a positive gradient in the rural population were evident. People from the highest income quintile were significantly less likely to be diagnosed before age 18, compared with other income quintiles.
Conclusions:Given the high lifetime prevalence of ADHD in Manitoban young adults and significant socioeconomic correlates for diagnosis, further investigation into the trajectory of this relatively unexplored population is recommended.
W W W
Prévalence de durée de vie du trouble de déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité chez les jeunes adultes : examen des variations du gradient socioéconomiqueObjectif : Ce n'est que récemment qu'il a été convenu que le trouble de déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) persiste à l'âge adulte. Conformément, nous en savons moins sur la prévalence du diagnostic adulte et du traitement. Nous avons cherché à déterminer la prévalence de durée de vie du diagnostic de TDAH et des prescriptions de psychostimulants pour les jeunes adultes de la province du Manitoba, et à explorer comment le diagnostic diffère selon les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et l'âge au moment du diagnostic. Nous voulions aussi rechercher s'il existe un gradient
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a behavioral self-help manual for weight reduction were evaluated through the use of 126 community subjects. Over 10 weeks, four groups used the behavioral manual and four groups used an alternate manual under varying degrees of therapist guidance, and one group served as a delayed-treatment control. Results at posttreatment and 3-, 6-, and 16-month follow-ups supported the behavioral manual's effectiveness in producing modest weight loss. The manual could be applied under varying degrees of therapist guidance without significant differences in effectiveness but with significantly increased cost-effectiveness as therapist contact decreased.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.