Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an attractive solution for myriads of communication applications. The deployment of WSNs in restricted areas where battery replacement or recharging is difficult, demands that energy be sparingly utilized. In this study, a model of energy-efficient Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for monitoring Aircraft Runway was developed to prolong the lifespan of the deployed network using a non-hierarchy and hierarchy based cluster configurations for two sampled Runways (R/W). A routing protocol which involved hierarchical data transfer along any shortest path to the Base Station (BS) was developed. The approach promotes rotation of Cluster Head (CH) during every transmission round based on residual energy of nodes and proximity to Base Station. Simulations were carried out for 5000 transmission rounds in MATLAB environment for the non-hierarchical and other levels of hierarchy; six clusters and eighteen clusters. Results of simulation revealed the lifespan of the networks as: 3375 and 3750 rounds for the non-hierarchical configurations, 3912 and 4660 rounds for six clusters hierarchical configurations, while in the eighteen clusters hierarchical configurations the network lasted for 4434 and above the estimated 5000 rounds. Thus, the best solution in terms of network lifespan of the proposed model was obtainable in the highest possible cluster formed.
Technological innovations have played a significant role in the modern healthcare system. However, with increasing rate of human population relative to the available medical personnel and facilities, a sudden outbreak of epidemic diseases and its resultant spread into a pandemic may pose a risk to the wellbeing of human populace. Thus, state-of-the-art innovations in communication engineering and technology is able to provide a support mechanism to healthcare domain. This paper analyzed pillars and paradigms in information and communications technology (ICT) deployable in the healthcare domain and estimates a compliance index based on the subset in which the ICT pillars and paradigms are decomposed. The analysis revealed that technological advances in the areas of robotics and internet of things (IoT) paradigm presented a potential support mechanism for healthcare domain. Finally, the paper concluded with insight into the implementation of these technologies and other supporting pillars and paradigms towards a pervasive healthcare system, enlisted recommendations, and future directions.
Participatory solutions with triple-win outcomes are the thrust of contemporary community development research and practices. However, active participation and collaboration of diverse stakeholders in collective processes like community development does not just happen; it requires a facilitator with the requisite tools and strategies. Given its unparalleled ability to support facilitator-moderated interactive and collaborative systems, online social networks are now at the frontiers of communication for development research and practices. This chapter presents social networking strategies for realizing participatory community development with triple-win outcomes in the developing countries. The thrust of the strategies is the formation of online community hub through the synergy of online and offline social networking, community network weaving, and use of diverse facilitated volunteered community information and service delivery systems. Sample implementation strategy is presented to demonstrate how to actualize the community informatics social networking technology through a pilot project to be conducted in selected communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
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