The study compared the cultural values along the seven World Values Survey dimensions. Subjects were 811 males, age 18 to 35, proportionately representing the 11 largest ethnic groups in Kenya. The study extended research in cultural differences between ethnic identities within a country, supplemental to cultural differences between countries. Significant differences are found between the Kenyan ethnic groups on the dimensions of masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence vs. restraint, and long-term orientation. Post-hoc analyses differentiated between individual ethnic groups on the cultural dimensions. Implications for management are presented to acknowledge ethnic differences in world orientation based on cultural dimension differences of ethnicities within Kenya.
Entrepreneurial enterprises are suggested as a means of reducing poverty and increasing economic success for less developed countries. An Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) survey of 823 males between 18 and 35 years of age in Kenya found significant differences among ethnic communities in their perceived ability to successfully accomplish tasks previously associated with entrepreneurial success. The results indicated significant differences among various ethnic communities on total ESE, and on individual subscales of sourcing, planning, marshaling, implementation-people, and implementation-finance. The implications are that resources available to promote entrepreneurial training and education should be targeted to ethnic communities based on increasing entrepreneurial self-efficacy in areas of lower perceived abilities.
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