BACKGROUND Background: The public perception of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) is not consistent with current evidence. The Internet is an influential source that most people use to find information about cannabis. OBJECTIVE Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the quality, readability, and accuracy of information about DUIC found on the Internet using the Google Canada search engine. METHODS Methods: A quantitative content analysis of top Google search webpages was conducted to analyze the information available to the public about DUIC. Google searches were performed using keywords about DUIC and the first 20 pages were collected from each search. Web pages were eligible if they had text on cannabis and driving in English, available during analysis and accessible without a fee. We assessed 1) quality of information using the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) and the presence of the Health on the Net (HON) code, 2) readability using the Gunning Fox Index (GFI), Flesch Reading Ease Scale (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scores, and 3) accuracy of five key topics (effects of cannabis consumption, prevalence of DUIC, DUIC effects on driving ability, risk of collision, and detection by law enforcement) using an adapted version of the 5Cs website evaluation tool. RESULTS Results: 120 webpages were identified, 82 were included in the data analysis after applying the eligibility criteria. The overall average QUEST score for all web pages was 17.4 out of a total of 28 (SD=5.6) ranging from 7 to 27. The average Quest score by category type ranged from 10.0 (SD=2.5) to 26.3 (SD=0.6) depending on the source. The average readability scores were 9.7 (SD=2.3) for FKGL, 11.4 (SD=2.9) for GFI, 12.2 (SD=1.9) for SMOG index, and 49.9 (SD=12.3) for FRES. The readability scores demonstrated that 9.8 to 19.5% of web pages were considered readable by the public depending on the readability method used. The accuracy results showed that 71% of web pages did not have information on the effect of cannabis and 61% for the prevalence of cannabis consumption, while 62% provided accurate information on the effect of cannabis on driving. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: The information found on Google Canada about DUIC has low readability for the general public and varying quality depending on the source. Most of the information presented was accurate, except for very few inaccurate and mixed accuracy statements related to the risk of collision and detection by law. Although most of the presented information was accurate, many web pages did not present any information on certain topics. Different stakeholders and health advocacy groups should consider health literacy of the public when creating content to educate the public on this topic as content with low readability can be open to misinterpretation.
Background The public perception of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) is not consistent with current evidence. The internet is an influential source of information available for people to find information about cannabis. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the quality, readability, and accuracy of the information about DUIC found on the internet using the Google Canada search engine. Methods A quantitative content analysis of the top Google search web pages was conducted to analyze the information available to the public about DUIC. Google searches were performed using keywords, and the first 20 pages were selected. Web pages or web-based resources were eligible if they had text on cannabis and driving in English. We assessed (1) the quality of information using the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) and the presence of the Health on the Net (HON) code; (2) the readability of information using the Gunning Fox Index (GFI), Flesch Reading Ease Scale (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scores; and (3) the accuracy of information pertaining to the effects of cannabis consumption, prevalence of DUIC, DUIC effects on driving ability, risk of collision, and detection by law enforcement using an adapted version of the 5Cs website evaluation tool. Results A total of 82 web pages were included in the data analysis. The average QUEST score was 17.4 (SD 5.6) out of 28. The average readability scores were 9.7 (SD 2.3) for FKGL, 11.4 (SD 2.9) for GFI, 12.2 (SD 1.9) for SMOG index, and 49.9 (SD 12.3) for FRES. The readability scores demonstrated that 8 (9.8%) to 16 (19.5%) web pages were considered readable by the public. The accuracy results showed that of the web pages that presented information on each key topic, 96% (22/23) of them were accurate about the effects of cannabis consumption; 97% (30/31) were accurate about the prevalence of DUIC; 92% (49/53) were accurate about the DUIC effects on driving ability; 80% (41/51) were accurate about the risk of collision; and 71% (35/49) were accurate about detection by law enforcement. Conclusions Health organizations should consider health literacy of the public when creating content to help prevent misinterpretation and perpetuate prevailing misperceptions surrounding DUIC. Delivering high quality, readable, and accurate information in a way that is comprehensible to the public is needed to support informed decision-making.
Purpose Almost five years after legalization, the unlicensed cannabis market is still thriving in Canada, and legacy cannabis retailers continue to face barriers to legal market entry. This study aims to shed light on these challenges and offer policy recommendations supporting legacy retailers and the government’s goals of enhancing public safety and displacing the unlicensed market. Design/methodology/approach This study reviewed online sources, including the media, gray literature, government, and other policy and legal websites, to identify legacy retailers’ challenges to entering the Canadian ecosystem since legalization and policy approaches of legalized jurisdictions with similar issues. Findings Legacy retailers face financial, legal and social barriers to entering the legal market. The Canadian government should focus on lowering and eliminating these barriers by developing programs that reduce financial risks and required capital, facilitate partnership programs and accelerators, provide innovative options that reduce overhead expenses, encourage pooled ownership to support small businesses, prioritize market entry for equity-deserving individuals and enable automatic expungement. A description of programs that have been implemented in other jurisdictions to address similar barriers is provided. Practical implications The policy recommendations in this paper would enable increased entrepreneurship and employment in a growing sector. While the tax revenue earned from the new market entrants may not be enough to support all the recommended policy initiatives, it could be reinvested to fund some of them creating sustainable growth opportunities. Originality/value The paper provides practical, timely policy recommendations on expanding the legal cannabis market in Canada and addressing unintended negative consequences of current policies.
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