Background and Purpose— The computed tomography angiographic spot sign refers to contrast leakage within intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It has been proposed as a surrogate radiological marker for ICH growth. We conducted a meta-analysis to study the accuracy of the spot sign for predicting ICH growth and mortality. Methods— PubMed, Medline, conference proceedings, and article references in English up to June 2017 were searched for studies reporting “computed tomography angiography” and “spot sign” or “intracerebral hemorrhage” and “spot sign.” Each study was ranked on 27 criteria resulting in a quality rating score. Bivariate random effect meta-analysis was used to calculate positive and negative likelihood ratios and area under summary receiver operating characteristics curve for ICH growth and mortality. Hematoma growth was defined using the change in ≥6 mL or ≥33% increase in volume. Results— There were 26 studies describing 5085 patients, including 15 studies not used in previous meta-analyses. Positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio for ICH growth were 4.85 (95% CI, 3.85–6.02; I 2 =76.1%) and 0.49 (95% CI, 0.40–0.58) and mortality were 4.65 (95% CI, 3.67–5.90) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.40–0.69), respectively. For ICH growth, the pooled sensitivity was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49–0.64) and pooled false positive rate was 0.12 (95% CI, 0.09–0.14). The post-test probability of ICH growth was 0.57. The area under the curve for ICH growth and mortality was 0.86 and 0.87 (CIs are not provided in bivariate method). Meta-regression showed sensitivity of the test to decline significantly with subsequent year of publication (β=−0.148; 95% CI, −0.295 to −0.001; P =0.05). Higher quality assessment is associated with lower false positive rate (β=−0.074; 95% CI, −0.126 to −0.022; P =0.006). Conclusions— The high area under the curve potentially suggests that the spot sign can predict hematoma growth and mortality. Caution is recommended in its application given the heterogeneity across studies, which is appropriate given the data.

Because IgG4 testing is not performed routinely, management recommendations have been poorly defined. We reviewed the literature and discuss herein the clinical characteristics, pathology, diagnosis, and management. The authors theorize that IgG4-related disease involving the larynx and pharynx may be more common than suggested by the paucity of reported cases.

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SummaryIt is well documented that meniscal tears may be found frequently by MRI as an incidental finding in asymptomatic knees. We aim to review the literature regarding the ability of MRI to differentiate between asymptomatic and symptomatic meniscal tears. Ovid MEDLINE, MEDLINE inProcess, Cochrane reviews, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL were systematically searched. A total of 1251 publications were screened based on their titles, abstracts and full texts, of which 1213 publications were excluded because they did not address the relationship between synovitis and meniscal tears, were case reports or reviews, concerned atypical patient populations or reported surgical research. Of the 38 retained publications, only two reported results specific to perimeniscal synovitis, while 36 discussed less specific but relevant findings. The small number of heterogeneous results describing perimeniscal synovitis precluded meta-analysis. In the symptomatic knee, identification of the likelihood of a meniscal tear contributing to the patient's pain is of significance to the orthopaedic surgeon. In our literature review, we have identified that localised synovitis and displacement of the meniscus are two features that may assist in identifying the subgroup of patients that may benefit from meniscal intervention.