Cereal Chem. 80(6):693-698A water-soluble starch fraction isolated from corn masa and identified by HPSEC as predominantly fragmented amylopectin was highly correlated in amount to both masa adhesiveness (r = 0.890, P < 0.01) and cook time (r = 0.957, P < 0.01). The molecular weight of the component ranged from approximately 6.4 × 10 5 to 1.2 × 10 6 , based on HPSEC column calibration with pullulan standards. Debranching with isoamylase illustrated that the structure of the soluble masa starch component was highly branched with a similar debranched profile to native amylopectin. Further analysis revealed that a minor amount of amylose was present in the second half of the broad HPSEC peak containing the fragmented amylopectin component. There was a high second-order correlation (r = 0.998, P < 0.01) between the absorbance at the wavelength of maximum absorbance (l max ) of the soluble fraction from masa (527-532 nm) and masa adhesiveness, indicating that a rapid assay for masa adhesiveness could easily be developed. Increasing the shear at the stone mill by reducing the gap setting between the stones, increased the amount of fragmented amylopectin. The high correlation between the amount of fragmented amylopectin and masa adhesiveness suggests that this fraction is the main determinant of masa adhesiveness. The amount of fragmented amylopectin can be controlled by cook time and gap between the stone plates of the mill.
Analytical methods to assess the content of free carbohydrates in solution range from simple tests of reductive power to combinations of chromatography and mass spectrometry. Soluble carbohydrates such as lactose, maltose, fructooligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides are commonly found in infant formulas either as sources of energy or soluble fibers. On the other hand, a rich repertoire of lactose-based carbohydrates occurs naturally in human milk. The advent of novel biosynthesis technologies resulted in the availability of human milk oligosaccharide structures that are being used as ingredients in infant formulas. Notably, 2’Fucosyllactose has been tested in preclinical and clinical studies to determine its safety and to explore its potential health benefits in the context of pediatric nutrition. Several chromatographic methods for the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides have been published and, the main challenge associated with 2’Fucosyllactose quantitation has been to improve its resolution from lactose, which is present at concentrations around 70 g/l in both, infant formula and human milk. We developed a high-performance anion exchange chromatography method to detect and quantify 2’ Fucosyllactose in the presence of lactose by expanding the elution time between these saccharides. We validated the analytical procedure which behaved linearly (average R=0.99951) at concentrations as low as 1.75 µg/ml (limit of quantitation) with an average limit of detection of 0.43 µg/ml.
Background The use of hypoallergenic infant formulas and the need for reliable tests to determine the presence of residual antigens have increased in parallel. Objective A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantitation of casein was validated using incurred samples and a matrix-matched external standard curve. Methods Powdered infant formula samples were extracted in a buffer of sodium deoxycholate and ammonium bicarbonate at 60 °C and filtered through 7 kDa desalting columns. Samples were digested overnight with trypsin and precipitated with acid prior to analysis of marker peptides by tandem mass spectrometry. Results Based on three marker peptides, the linear range for casein was 1.8–42 μg/g of powdered infant formula with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.8 μg/g. The determination coefficients (R2) for each curve were ≥0.99 for casein peptides. Method repeatability was ≤22% RSD and intermediate precision was ≤23% RSD; recovery of casein from incurred material (2–20 µg/g) ranged from 78% to 118%. Conclusions An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for confirmation of casein allergens in hypoallergenic infant formula.
Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 2’fucosyllactose (2’FL) and fat blends on growth, body composition and fatty acid profile of the liver and brain using the neonatal pig as a model for the human infant. Methods Pigs (3 d old) were randomly assigned to either: 1. control, 2. Palm Olein (PO) fat blend – Low 2'-FL, 3. PO – High 2'-FL, 4. High oleic acid (HO) – Low 2'-FL, 5. HO FB – High 2'-FL, 6. PO FB – GLA, or 7. kept with their sows. Pigs in groups 1 to 6 received 250 ml·kg−1·d−1 of formula in 5 equal meals for 15 d. On day 14 of the study, groups 1–6 received intraperitoneal E. coli LPS challenge at 100 µg·kg−1 weight. Results Body weight was greater for piglets fed by sows than those in the other groups (P < 0.001). In addition, % fat and bone mineral content were higher in the sow-fed group while lean % was less sow-fed piglets (group 7) compared with those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Only longissimus weight expressed as a % of body weight, was greater for group 7 compared with all other groups (P < 0.001). Soleus, semitendinosus, brain, heart and spleen weights as a % of body weight were similar across all groups. However, liver weight as a % of body weight was greater in groups 1–6 (3.7%) compared with group 7 (2.8%; P < 0.001). The proportion of brain 16:1 fatty acid was less (0.83%) for groups 1–6 than for group 7 pigs (1.08%; P < 0.0001). The proportion of 20:3 N6 was greatest (0.66%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (0.55%; P < 0.05). In addition, the proportion of 20:5 N3 was greatest (0.12%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 7 (0.07%; P < 0.05). The proportion of liver 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 cis-11 fatty acids were greater for group 7 (2.3, 23, 2.2%) than groups 1–6 (0.2, 20, 1.2%; P < 0.0001). Conversely, the contribution of 14:0, 18:1 cis-9, 18:3 N6 cis-6,9,12, and 22:6 N3 were greater for pigs in groups 1–6 (1.3, 0.6, and 14, 7.8%) compared with those in group 7 (0.5, 8.5, 0.2 and 3.5%; P < 0.0001). Conclusions Our data suggest that feeding 2’fucosyllactose had no effect on the body weight gain and composition in neonatal pigs. Our data also suggest that dietary fatty acids have a greater effect on liver than on brain fatty acid composition. Funding Sources Funding for the work was provided by Perrigo Nutritionals, LLC.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.