Thoracoscopic segmentectomy is a safe option for experienced thoracoscopic surgeons treating patients with small stage I lung cancers. No significant difference in oncologic outcome was seen between thoracoscopic segmentectomy and thoracoscopic lobectomy. Lymph node dissection could be performed as effectively during segmentectomy as lobectomy.

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A 72-year-old woman with no history of coronary artery disease presented with an acute left middle cerebral artery stroke and was found to have a large left ventricular pseudoaneurysm measuring 8.7 × 7.6 cm and 2 large left ventricular thrombi, the source of her systemic embolization. Despite initial medical management, she developed refractory New York Heart Association functional class III heart failure, uncontrolled atrial fibrillation, and further enlargement of her pseudoaneurysm to 5.5 × 10.6 × 9.2 cm. She underwent urgent aneurysmectomy. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysms are rare and most commonly occur following an acute myocardial infarction when a ventricular free-wall rupture is contained by pericardium or thrombi. Historically, left ventricular angiography displaying a lack of an overlying coronary artery was the gold standard for diagnosis. Now, noninvasive imaging such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiogram with ultrasound-enhancing agent, are reliable diagnostic tools. They can distinguish a pseudoaneurysm from a true left ventricular aneurysm using characteristic findings such as a narrow aneurysm neck, bidirectional doppler flow between the pseudoaneurysm and the left ventricle, and abrupt changes in the cardiac wall structures. Progressive dilation, wall thinning, and dyskinesis can result in refractory heart failure, arrhythmias, and thrombi formation from venous stasis. Pseudoaneurysms have a 30% to 45% risk of rupture and can be treated with left ventricular aneurysmectomy.

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B‐cell malignancies, most notably lymphomas, make up most of the non‐Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States. There are limited randomized data comparing first‐ and second‐generation Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Our aim was to compare the safety profiles of first versus second‐generation BTK inhibitors. A systematic search was performed from database inception to January 13, 2020. Studies with BTK inhibitor monotherapy for the treatment of B‐cell malignancies in the adult population (>18 years old) were utilized and the adverse events (AEs) were extracted. Fifty‐five studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review with 41 studies with first generation and 14 studies with second generation. The review included both clinical trials and retrospective studies with average time of follow‐up of 2 years for the first‐generation group and 18 months for the second‐generation group. We found that the incidence of cardiovascular AEs was significantly higher in the first‐generation group (20.8%) as compared to the second‐generation group (6.3%). However, there was a higher incidence of hematologic/oncologic and gastrointestinal side effects in the second‐generation group compared to the first (62.3% compared to 39.2% and 36.9% compared to 28.9%). The number of Grade 5 cardiovascular events (death) was same in the first‐generation group compared to the second generation. Further research is needed to develop highly selective BTK inhibitors to avoid unwanted AEs by minimizing off‐targets.