The UK Department for Transport is concerned to know that long-term investments in maintenance of local roads are contributing optimally to the UK economy, and that road maintenance funds are distributed equitably and provide value for money for the taxpayer. This quest can be accomplished by using decision support tools capable of predicting the long-term performance and costs of maintenance of the UK local road network. This paper describes the development of the World Bank's highway development and management model HDM-4 for use by the Department for Transport at the strategic level. This involved adaptation and calibration of HDM-4 to accurately model pavement performance and road user effects in England, linking HDM-4 with the existing database system used by the Department for Transport in order to facilitate strategic level analysis and investigation of road investment choices, and conducting a trial strategy analysis of the English local road network to quantify long-term maintenance needs and assess the effects of different maintenance funding levels on the condition of the network and costs to road users. The strategic analysis derived optimal capital and recurrent maintenance needs to clear existing maintenance backlogs and thereafter keep the road network in good condition on a sustainable basis.
Quantification of the impacts of projected climate change on road pavement performance is possible using predictive models that correctly consider key causal factors of pavement deterioration. These factors include climate, traffic, properties of materials and the design of pavements. This paper presents a new model developed to predict rutting in asphalt surfacing. In addition to the key causal factors of road deterioration, the developed model takes into account several sources of uncertainties, particularly those inherent in future climate change predictions and model input parameters. The asphalt surfacing rut depth progression model was developed from a hierarchical road network data structure using a Bayesian regression approach resulting in a model for each surfacing group. The model was applied within a Monte Carlo simulation framework to derive probabilistic outputs of pavement rut depth progression and maintenance costs under the pre-determined future climate scenarios. This model is useful for application at both the network and project levels to develop road management strategies and policies.
Using theoretical and analytical foundations, this working paper shows the development and use of a maturity assessment framework to support ADB operations and road safety improvement in developing member countries. In studying several member countries, the authors found that attention should be given to improving regulatory standards and compliance, developing and improving trauma prevention systems, and significantly increasing government investment and priority. The framework allows authorities to analyze and comprehensively develop national road safety efforts without undue focus on one particular aspect, and with the maturity assessment supporting the preparation of a suite of high-quality, strategically oriented road safety project options.
The structural evaluation of road pavements is an integral part of any modern pavement management system. Emphasis has been given to the structural analysis of road pavements with methodologies that seek to quantify the key parameters of pavement behavioural modelling to facilitate the prediction of the remaining life of pavements. These parameters are associated with major distresses such as cracking, and their magnitude is determined using appropriate analytical models. The most advanced, which enable an insight into the pavement structure, are based on finite-element analysis. This paper deals with such models, and first presents the fundamental issues associated with the fatigue behaviour of bituminous layers. Thereafter it presents model forms used to tackle crack initiation and propagation, and discusses how finite elements could provide a better insight into the effect of cracking on falling weight deflectometer induced deflections and their associated analysis. This is demonstrated by an example that shows the effect of bottom-up and top-down cracking on the stress distribution within the bituminous layer.
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