Introduction: Fruit polysaccharides, essential health factors in foods, are widely present in edible fruits. Several methods for isolation of polysaccharide are available. Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method is extensively used for separation of polysaccharides. Only little information is available about Psidium guajava L. Fruit Polysaccharide (PFP) and its extraction methods. Objective: In this study, two extraction methods of polysaccharides in Psidium guajava L. fruit were compared and the best method was ascertained. Methods: Psidium guajava L. polysaccharides were extracted using water extraction with conventional heating and microwave assisted extraction method. The factors that influenced water extraction with conventional heating included temperature, water to plant material ratio, extraction time and solvent to liquid ratio. The factors that influenced MAE of polysaccharides extraction included microwave power, irradiation time and solvent to liquid ratio. Yield is considered as the independent variable in both the methods. Results: By the result of the single factorial method and orthogonal experiments, the optimal extracting conditions were selected and then the best extraction method was ascertained. The optimum extraction conditions of water extraction with conventional heating include , temperature 90
COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world in over 185 countries, with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. The current pandemic has made the situation worse, forcing the development of better treatment. In this work, the binding ability of covid receptors with silymarin has been analyzed using AutoDock 1.4.6. Further, it is compared with the standard drug remdesivir. Silymarin, a potential phytochemical compound obtained from the seeds of the Silybum marianum (milk thistle) plant, has been documented as the antiviral agent against several viruses. So silymarin can also be an effective compound in the treatment of COVID-19. This study aims to determine the binding ability of COVID-19 receptors towards silymarin and further comparative analysis by remdesivir. Drug Discovery Studio version 2021 software was been used to analyse ligand and target. AutoDock 1.4.6 software was used to perform the docking study. Among the various receptors, 5N11 (Human beta1-coronavirus (β1CoV) OC43), 7MJP (SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain in complex with neutralizing antibody COVA2-39), 7JMO (SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain in complex with neutralizing antibody COVA2-04) receptors showed the highest binding ability of -8.09, -7.23, -6.96 towards silymarin compared to the standard remdesivir having the docking score of -5.21, -3.76, -2.97, respectively. By the comparative analysis, silymarin has a better and highest binding ability.
Introduction:In pharmacy education, library use do appear independent contributions to desirable outcomes of the institution. Librarians' role is also important to make students information literate. Objective: This objective of this study to know about the role of libraries and library professional's experience in pharmacy colleges. Materials and Methods: The data represent responses from 44 library professionals' during the period 2013-2014 to the questionnaire. To explore role of libraries in pharmacy colleges, current status on collections and digital library facilities are discussed and to know the perceptions of library professionals', their job satisfaction level is analyzed. Results: Pharmacy colleges have numerous seminar materials, sufficient journals, articles and conference papers. Almost all the pharmacy college libraries perform the data entry, circulation services. Some colleges maintain reports and database services (73.5%). Digital library initiative started in many colleges (75.2%). Very few colleges do have connecting networks like UGC Inflibnet (1.7%), Delnet (2.2%). No pharmacy college has got Current Awareness Services (CAS)/Selective Designated Information (SDI) services and computerized bibliographic service. The library professionals' of all designations do have high level of job satisfaction. Conclusion: Pharmacy colleges of this study have enough conventional collections, but latest modern technology like connecting network, security measures are to be developed. Since pharmacy graduates get involved in clinical aspects, drug information resources, learning tools and materials and databases for clinical aspects are also required in library. All library professionals' in this study are satisfied with their collection and resources available in the library and nature of their work.
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