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A novel type of smart composite materials based on the directed assembly of organic dyes on a responsive microgel template was prepared and investigated. We have chosen Calcon, a monoazo dye, as model organic dye molecules and the copolymer microgel of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylic acid-acrylamide) [p(NIPAM-AA-AAm)] as template with the pAA segments designed for inducing pH-sensitivity and the pAAm segments designed for directing the highly ordered assembly of dye molecules. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray scattering, and light scattering were used to study the dye assembling structures and the pH-induced volume phase transitions of the composite microgels. The UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence properties of the composite microgels were respectively investigated at different pH values and H 2 O 2 concentrations. The pHinduced shrinkage of the template microgels not only results in a systematic shift in the wavelength of bands, but also significantly increases the absorption and emission intensity. The composite microgels also exhibit a highly H 2 O 2 -sensitive fluorescence quenching. The pAAm-directed highly ordered assembling structure of dye molecules is critical to produce the unique pH/H 2 O 2 dual responsive optical properties, which may find important applications in bioimaging and biosensing.

This qualitative content analysis project relies on a combined cultural criminological and hegemonic masculinities perspective to uncover constructions of justice workers and the gendered performance of policing. This study provides a typology of hegemonic and "complicit" or subordinate policing and masculinity models in six of the highest-grossing American police movies as well as the representations of the ideal and unqualified officer in the online recruitment materials of departments serving the 25 largest American cities. While "cop films" are an established subgenre within Hollywood, official police websites represent an emergent medium for the dissemination of a cultural self-portrait. By studying these various reflections of the occupation, this project engages with the characteristics, traits, and attributes associated with the police across Hollywood movies and police recruitment webpages, finding stark tensions between the commercially mediated ideal and that of the public transcript of the police. This study theoretically and methodologically develops cultural criminology by addressing the self-portrait of the police alongside models of masculinity and policing provided by consumer-tailored media within the modern "hall of mirrors."

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Purpose Prior research established several important influences on the representation of women in policing, using a variety of secondary and primary data. The purpose of this paper is to examine how experimental manipulation of online recruitment materials impacts potential applicants. Design/methodology/approach The study relied on a census of 11 criminal justice courses taught at a public university, asking students to respond to an experimental vignette instrument (n=174). The 3×2 experimental vignette involved manipulation of two variables: the identification of recruits with diversity language (“individuals,” “women and men” or “a diverse group of individuals”) and mention or absence of discussion of physical fitness requirements. Findings Results largely run counter to prior research concerning women in policing, with women actually indicating increased probability of providing their contact information when encountering vignettes with physical fitness requirements. Originality/value This study demonstrates that small manipulations of recruitment content can have significant and gendered impact on potential applicants. This paper provides a foundation for empirical study of how changes in online recruitment materials impact a variety of relevant outcomes relating to applicant behaviors.

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This article tests the temporal relationship between the representation of females in policing and organizational change toward community-oriented policing. This mixed methods study involves secondary data analysis of the 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, open-source data collection of online recruitment materials for 493 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics agencies, quantitative content analysis of a random sample of 131 departments, and Leximancer semantic mapping of the 493 departments’ materials. The two forms of content analysis focus on the particular emphases of “legalistic,” “watchman,” and “service” styles. The quantitative content analysis results largely support the temporal model, with the percent female sworn in a given department in 2013 significantly predicting whether that department’s 2018 recruitment materials focus on service or community-oriented policing content. The Leximancer semantic mapping results provide a more ambiguous picture, including legalistic through-line language around police work.