To enhance the solubility and dissolution rate, and thus potentially improve the oral bioavailability of cefixime (CFX), amorphous CFX nanoparticles were prepared via high-gravity antisolvent precipitation (HGAP) without the aid of any pharmaceutical additives in a rotating packed bed (RPB). The effects of operating variables on particle size and distribution were investigated. Compared to raw CFX, the mean size of prepared nanoparticles decreased greatly from about 2.1 μm to 57 nm, and the saturation solubility increased tremendously from 0.289 to 0.951 mg/mL. CFX nanoparticles showed good stability and were capable of generating a maximum supersaturation level, reaching up to ∼22.8 times of raw CFX's saturation solubility. Further, CFX nanoparticles achieved 100% drug dissolution within 2 min, while the raw drug did not dissolve completely after 45 min, suggesting that the solubility and dissolution properties of CFX nanoparticles were significantly improved. Since the drug recovery ratio achieved 99.9%, and the production capacity of lab-scale RPB with a continuous operation reached 1.8 kg/h, the HGAP method might offer a general and facile platform for mass production of CFX nanoparticles.
In
this work, external circulation rotating packed bed (EX-RPB)
was combined with internal circulation rotating packed bed (IN-RPB)
for the preparation of Y-type oxotitanium phthalocyanine nanocrystals
(Y-TiOPc NCs) for the first time. The operating conditions in EX-RPB
and in IN-RPB were investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD),
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible
(UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy analysis, and elemental analysis
were performed, and xerographic properties were analyzed, to characterize
the products. The experimental results indicated Y-TiOPc NCs with
the average size of 6 nm were successfully prepared. The Q-band absorption
peak of Y-TiOPc NCs centered at 782 nm, implying their potential application
in the xerographic photoreceptors of laser printers. The photoreceptor
fabricated with Y-TiOPc NCs exhibited an initial surface potential
of 703.56 V, a photosensitivity of 0.166 μJ/cm2,
a residual potential of 26.48 V, and a dark decay rate of 10.64 V/s.
This work made a significant improvement to control the crystal form
of nanoparticles at a large scale.
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