The current study was carried out to assess the effect of the crude methanolic extract of Aerva javanica for hepatoprotective and nephroprotective assessment along with their antioxidant potential against 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylenbenzthiazolin)-6sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2diphenyle-1-picrylhyzyl (DPPH) using a standard protocol. Result of the crude methanolic extract of Aerva javanica showed 65.55, 59.37, 53.86, 47.49 and 34.76% inhibition against DPPH while against ABTS it showed 60.12, 48.45, 41.36, 37.99 and 31.89% inhibition at the concentrations 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 μg/mL. Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control and displayed a dose-dependent response. Results of Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) have shown 52% and 67%.The crude methanolic extract of Aerva javanicawas tested at two different doses for hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect (150 and 300 mg/kg) in rabbits model. In comparison with the standard drug and normal saline, the test sample showed a significant hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect. The effects of all the analyzed biomarkers of the liver (AST, ALT, ALP, serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, and serum bilirubin) and Urea (Blood serum, Blood sugar, and Serum creatinine) showed significant effects both at 150 and 300 mg/kg. Both doses were found hepatoprotective (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg). Whereas, some liver biomarkers (ALT, ALP, serum triglyceride) of the methanolic extract at a dose of 300mg/kg showed significant hepatoprotective while some biomarkers (AST, serum cholesterol and serum bilirubin) was found effective at a dose of 150 mg/kg rather than the higher dose. The nephroprotective effect of the plant also increases in a dose-dependent manner i.e it is more effective at a dose of 300 mg/kg as compared to 150 mg/kg body weight. On the bases of these biomarkers, the plant extract was found an effective hepatoprotective at both the test doses.
Abiotic stress is an important ecological problem limiting crop growth and productivity of other important substances like Carbohydrates, protein, and Chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ contents in plants. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of various concentrations of NaCl, 20ppm, 40ppm, 60ppm, 80ppm, 100ppm and non-saline concentration on two varieties, Ata Habib and Pirsabak of Triticum aestivum. Effects of NaCl were observed on Biochemicals contents (Carbohydrates, protein, Chlorophyll a and b) and germination percentage, seedling shoot length, seedling root length, seedling fresh and dry biomass, root numbering and leaf numbering. The result showed that germination and seedling growth reduced with the increasing concentration of NaCl while total carbohydrates and chl ‘a’ and ‘b’ increased with increasing salt application on both varieties but protein contents decrease significantly on a high level of sodium chloride. The overall comparison of both varieties in morphologically and biochemically parameters under sodium chloride showed that Pirsabak was more affected by NaCl compared to Ata Habib indicating that the species can tolerate NaCl laden soils. We recommend that the experiment be repeated with more varieties of Triticum aestivum under field conditions to compare results and to obtain more NaCl tolerant varieties.
Different seeds are dispersed from infested to uninfested areas possibly due to several biotic and abiotic mechanisms, and this spread of seed aids the invasion process across the landscape. Currently, in District Charsadda KP, Pakistan, there are about thousands of motorized vehicles, each capable of carrying infested seeds and therefore spreading crop seeds and plant seeds. Studies were conducted in 2019 to investigate the role of the utility vehicles in the dispersal of seeds in District Charsadda. A large number of seeds were found on vehicles. In the current study undertaken in KP, the maximum number of species from the family Apiaceae (3.00), Poaceae (3.00) and Solanaceae (3.00) were found dominant on the vehicles. Whereas, the minimum species number from the family Asteraceae (1.00), Fabaceae (1.00), Ebenaceae (1.00), Umbelliferae (1.00) and Cucurbitaceae (1.00) were associated with the vehicle. These seeds were found on several parts of the vehicles and were contained within mud or dust that had presumably transferred to the vehicle as it undertook its routine activities. The early implications from this present study is that utility vehicles are capable of collecting, carrying, and presumably distributing large numbers of seeds that seed is carried on many parts of the vehicle. Thus, any washing or cleaning procedure used to remove seeds from vehicles will need to concentrate on all parts of the vehicle. Cleaning vehicles at appropriate places should be seen as a possible way to reduce seed spread by utility vehicles.
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