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Introduction:The objective of this research was to determine the incidence of oral cancer in Korea. Materials and Methods: The classifications of oral and maxillofacial cancer (OMFC) that we used are based on possible locations of OMFC: lip, tongue, mouth, salivary glands, tonsil, oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, pharynx unspecified, and nose, sinuses. Results: 1) There were 2,848 OMFC cases, accounting for 1.6% of all cancers. The male to female ratio was 2.72:1. 2) The estimated crude rates (CRs) were 5.7 overall, 8.4 for males, and 3.1 for females. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were 4.6 overall, 7.3 for males and 2.3 for females.3) The incidence of mouth cancer was highest. The mouth and salivary glands were the most frequent sites for cancer among males and females, respectively. 4) Patients who were 40 years or older accounted for 91% of OMFC cases, with the highest proportion of cases in the 60-69 year-old age group for both sexes. 5) Tongue cancer was the most prevalent OMFC overall. Nasopharyngeal cancer was highest among males, and salivary gland cancer was highest among females. 6) From 2004 to 2008, the relative 5-year survival rate of OMFC patients was 57.5%. There was a trend of increasing survival among OMFC patients during the study period. The survival rate for females (69.3%) was much higher than that for males (53.1%). Conclusion: Social and personal efforts should be required to increase the survival rates of OMFC patients and Korean national cancer management policy should establish new measures for economic and social management and support.

Microvascular flap reconstruction is known as successful technique, although vascular thrombosis can cause free flap failure. To analyze the histologic characteristics and causes of free flap failure, this clinical study examined failed free flaps, including the microanastomosed sites. This study included a total of 5 failed flaps, including 3 radial forearm free flaps, 1 latissimus dorsi free flap, and 1 fibular free flap, all performed with microvascular reconstruction surgery from 2009 to 2011 at Seoul National University Dental Hospital. At the resection surgeries of the failed nonviable flaps, histologic specimens including the microanastomosed vessels were acquired. For light microscope observation, the slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), and also with Masson trichrome. Selected portions of graft tissue were also observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the cause of flap failure was the occlusion of vessels because of thrombi formation. During the microanastomosis, damage to the vessel endothelium occurred, followed by intimal hyperplasia and medial necrosis at the anastomosed site. In the TEM findings, some smooth muscle cells beneath endothelium were atrophied and degenerated. The formation of thrombi and the degeneration of the smooth muscle cells were coincident with vascular dysfunction of graft vessel. The damaged endothelium and the exposed connective tissue elements might initiate the extrinsic pathway of thrombosis at the microanastomotic site. Therefore, it is suggested that accurate surgical planning, adequate postoperative monitoring, and skillful technique for minimizing vascular injury are required for successful microvascular transfer.

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Background Silicone-based facial prostheses have traditionally been considered difficult to make and require time-consuming fabrication due to their basic liquid characteristics. Methods and results A detailed procedure for creating an ideal silicone orbital prosthesis was developed, including dental implant-supported retention, three-dimensional (3D) orbital scanning with symmetric volume and size measurement based on matching the opposite side, master mold fabrication for convenient pouring of the liquid silicone elastomer, and easy and comfortable management of the prosthesis by the patient. Conclusion A silicone orbital prosthesis could be more easily and conveniently produced using updated surgical skills and modern 3D technology. The combination of 3D scanning with digital reconstruction and an innovative fabrication protocol using a reproducible major mold and multiple prototypes fitting resulted in an accuracy personalized facial prosthesis with accessible cost and short production period.

Osteomyelitis (OM) of the jaw is usually caused by a chronic odontogenic infection. Decompression is the release the intraluminal pressure in the cystic cavity allowing gradual bone growth from the periphery. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of decompression in an OM jaw model. A 4-mm-diameter defect was made on mandibles of fourteen Sprague–Dawley rats and inoculated with S. aureus (20 μl of 1 × 107 CFU/ml) injection. Two weeks later, four groups were made as non-treatment (C1), only curettage (C2), curettage and decompression (E1), and curettage and decompression with normal saline irrigation (E2). After four weeks, each group was analyzed. Most micro-CT parameters, including bone mineral density [0.87 (± 0.08) g/cm3] with bone volume [0.73 (± 0.08) mm3] was higher in E2 group than that of C1 group (p = 0.04, p = 0.05, respectively). E2 group in histology showed the highest number of osteocytes than those of control groups, 91.00 (± 9.90) (p = 0.002). OPN were expressed strongly in the E1 (“5”: 76–100%) that those of other groups. Decompression drains induced advanced bone healing compared to that of curettage alone. Therefore, it could be recommended to use decompressive drain for enhancing the jaw OM management.

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