Nocturnal enuresis is defined as nighttime bedwetting in children five years of age or older in the absence of neurological or structural problems affecting the bladder. A wide variety of interventions are used to treat nocturnal enuresis include simple behavioral intervention, enuresis alarm, and pharmacological treatment—the aim of the study to assess the management of nocturnal enuresis in children. A prospective cross-sectional study included 150 children attend the advanced diagnostic center. Data collected by direct interview questionnaire was tested –coded and analyzed by SPSS version 20 in tables and graph &excel. The result of this study showed that the highest treatment adopted was simple-cognitive behavioral therapy (87%), with the highest (94.7%) of patient surveyed adopted lifting and awaking technique,(38%) of patient surveyed have taken imipramine, (26%) of patient surveyed have taken 75mg dose of imipramine, (37%)of patients surveyed had a full response from imipramine therapy. The study showed that the first-line treatment that is needed is simple-cognitive behavioral therapy with instruction regarding diet and fluids, and it is very useful. The main drug was used in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis is imipramine with a dose of 75mg.
Introduction: Among numerous triterpenoids of the Cucurbitaceae family, Cucurbitacin-B (Cur-B) is being explored for its pharmacological attributes. Reports from previous studies have explicitly shown that Cur-B possesses substantial anticancer effects. The present report focuses on exploring the anticancer attributes of Cur-B against androgen-dependent PCa LNCaP cells.Methods: LNCaP cells were exposed to commercially available purified Cur-B at varying concentrations that were selected as 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µM for some time of 24 h to perform various experimental studies.Results: Cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that Cur-B impeded the LNCaP cell’s viability at 5 µM (p <0.05) which increased considerably at a concentration of 25 µM (p <0.001). Cur-B was also efficacious in inducing the changes within nu-clear morphology followed by a concomitant increase in the activities of key caspases including caspase-3, -8, and -9 intriguingly in a dose-dependent trend. Cur-B treatment not only resulted in the augmentation of intracellular ROS levels within LNCaP cells at 5 µM (p <0.05) but also in-creased significantly at 25 µM concentration (p <0.001). Elevation in the ROS levels was also found to be correlated with dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) which culminated in the onset of significant apoptosis at 25 µM concentration (p <0.001). Cur-B exposure also resulted in the downregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) followed by amplified levels of p21Cip1 mRNA. Importantly, exposure of Cur-B competently reduced the expression of the Notch signaling cascade which may be the plausible cause behind Cur-B-instigated apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest in LNCaP cells.Discussion: These observations thus, explicitly indicated that Cur-B could be plausibly further explored as potent therapeutics against androgen-dependent PCa.
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