A differential scanning calorimetric study was done on raw and parboiled rice to determine the degree of gelatinization. Unparboiled rice absorbed the highest amount of endothermic heat, the enthalpy change gradually decreasing with increasing hot soaking time. The highest degree of gelatinization was achieved when the paddy was soaked for 120 min at 80 °C. With increasing degree of gelatinization, the yield point in a compression test also increased. During the parboiling process internal fissures were healed, resulting in higher head rice yield during milling.
This study investigated the effect of soaking time on the quality of parboiled rice. The paddy was soaked in water at 25 and 80 °C for 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 min. The soaked paddy was steamed, dried, stored and milled. With increasing soaking time a significant increase in water absorption and milling and head rice yield (hence reduction in broken rice) was observed. A significant difference in milling yield, at the 1% level, was obtained between the raw rice control and the hot soaked parboiled samples. A large reduction in fissured grain was observed after soaking. It is suggested that parboiling fills the void spaces and cements the cracks inside the endosperm, making the grain harder and minimizing internal fissuring and thereby breakage during milling.
The extent of seed size variations within a rice variety and its effect on germination and seedling vigour were investigated. Seed size was determined by weighing individual grains of randomly selected one hundred panicles. Grains were sorted into four size classes: 11–15, 16–20, 21–25 and 25–30 mg. There was nearly a three‐fold variation between the smallest and the largest seeds, which ranged from 11 to 30 mg. Germination rate and seedling vigour index values increased with the increase of seed size suggesting the selection of larger seeds for good stand establishment.
An experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research Field of Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Cente, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during May to October 2008 to study heterosis using eight parents viz., P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, and P8. Most of the combinations showed better parent heterosis for earliness. Eight crosses showed positive heterosis for flower production. The highest heterotic effect for fruit set (%) was found in the cross P6 × P7 (62.59%) followed by that in P7 × P8 (60.49%) and P1 × P7 (40.00%). For fruits per plant, 8 crosses provided more than 15 % heterosis over better parent. Considering fruit yield per plant, higher degree of heterosis was manifested by 24 hybrids over better parent ranging from 13.58 to 282.63 %. Cross combination P4 x P7 showed the maximum significant positive heterosis followed by P6 x P7 (187.84 %), P4 x P8 (166.97 %), P3 x P7 (146.08 %), P3 xP6 (103.92 %), and P1 X P7 (100.45 %) and the minimum in P4 x P6 (13.58 %). For viable pollens, P3 x P5 (20.56 %) exhibited the highest positive heterosis. In case of shelf life, the highest heterosis was observed by the cross P3 x P6 (22.78 %) followed by that in P4 x P6 (22.29 %) and P2 x P6 (14.40 %). For fruit flesh thickness, 12 hybrids exhibited more than 10 % heterosis. Pollen tubes as well as viable pollens showed positive correlation with fruit set. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16980 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 531-544, September 2013
A field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum shade level and nitrogen fertilizer for quality Bangladhonia (Eryngium foetidum L.) production at the Bangahandhu Sheikh Mujibar Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) Research Farm during December 2002 to May 2003. The treatments consisted of four shade levels (0, 25, 50, and 75% shades) and five nitrogen rates (0, 115, 138, 161, and 184 kg N/ha). Shades were artificially created by using nylon nets of different mesh sizes and colours. Fifty percent shade and application of 161 kg N/ha independently as well as in combination gave the maximum fresh yield of Bangladhonia. β-carotene and vitamin C contents in Bangladhonia leaves were maximum in full sun light (0% shade) followed by 25 and 50% shade. Application of 161 kg N/ha produced the highest amount of β-carotene and vitamin C followed by 184 kg N/ha. The lowest amount of leaf fibre (1.30%) was recorded from 75% shade closely followed by 50% shade (1.76%), whereas the maximum amount of leaf protein was found at 50% shade. Application of 184 kg N/ha gave the highest amount of leaf protein and less leaf fibre that was followed by 161 kg N/ha. The results revealed that Bangladhonia performed better in terms of fresh yield and quality under 25-50% shade condition. Key Words: Bangladhonia; shade; nitrogen; yield; quality. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5791Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 205-213, June 2009
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