Modeling nonexponential growth of a short-cycling plant, Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae). Can. J . Bot. 69: 316-320. A method for establishing a plastochron index was developed as part of an analysis of the growth pattern of Tagetes erecta 'Moonshot' plants. Both log-linear and log-quadratic equations were fitted to balanced sets of leaf-length data. Although the log-linear model fit the data, the log-quadratic model consistently provided a better fit. Slope values and length of plastochron from both models were compared versus leaf and plant number. An analysis of variance showed that overall, the leaves grew at different rates and were initiated at different intervals. However, leaves 2-4 on each plant fulfilled the criteria for establishment of a leaf plastochron index and can be considered developmentally equivalent. The method presented herein is not only statistically appropriate but also most accurately represents growth of T. erecta. This method also should be useful where development of a plastochron index for rapidly growing plants is desired, and it may be applicable to plant growth studies in general. Key words: marigold, plastochron index, log-quadratic model. RUSS~N, W. A,, CLAYTON, M. K., et DURBIN, R. D. 1991. Modeling nonexponential growth of a short-cycling plant, Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae). Can. J . Bot. 69 : 316-320. Les auteurs ont mis au point un index de plastochron tout en analysant le patron de croissance de plants du Tagetes erecta 'Moonshot'. Les Cquations log-IinCaire aussi bien que log-quadratique ont CtC ajustkes pour Cquilibrer les ensembles de donnCes de longueur foliaire. Bien que le modble log-linCaire corresponde aux dondes, le modble log-quadratique rnontre constamrnent une meilleure correspondance. Les valeurs de pente et la longueur du plastochron provenant des deux modbles ont CtC cornparCes avec les nombres de feuilles et de plantes. L'analyse de variance rnontre qu'en gCnCral, les feuilles croissent i des vitesses differentes et sont initiCes i des intervalles diffkrents. Cependant, les feuilles 2-4 de chaque plant rencontrent les critbres pour 1'Ctablissernent d'un index de plastochron foliaire et peuvent &tre considCrCes cornrne Cquivalentes quant au dCveloppement. La mCthode prCsentCe n'est pas seulement statistiquement appropriee rnais reprCsente le plus prCcisCment la croissance du T. erecta. Cette mCthode devrait Cgalement slavCrer utile lorsqu'on cherche i dCvelopper un index de plastochron pour des plantes i croissance rapide et pourrait rneme &tre applique aux Ctudes de croissance des plantes de faqon gCnCrale.Mots c l b : tagkte, index de plastochron, modble log-quadratique.[Traduit par la ridaction]
SummaryThe fog-box technique has been used to grow plants of Tagetes species and Al"!Jizzia lophantha Benth. for root exudate studies. The quantity of organic matter detected in the root drip was extremely small. The results are discussed and compared with findings previously reported in the literature.
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Research frameworkTo provide optimal health care, it is important to understand the nature and effect of caregivers' social/emotional reactions [8,9]. A lack of information, or communication [10,11], insufficient preparation [12], the demands of daily tasks, impact caregiver QOL in a manner equal to, or greater than, the impact on patients' QOL [13,14], justifying a caregiver-centered approach [15,16].The most widely used scale used for studying oncology primary caregivers QOL is the 35-items Caregivers Quality-of-Life-Index- AbstractObjective: To validate a Spanish version of the "Caregivers Quality-of-Life-Index-Cancer" (CQOLC) in Spain (named CQOLC-S).Design: The American original CQOLC was translated, then retro-translated following international standard steps, under supervision of a steering committee. Pilot interviews permitted adaptation of items. Questionnaires in Spanish hospitals (ambulatory and hospitalization). The validation process employed exploratory and confirmatory analysis, and reliability assessment. Other useful demographics were collected for future subgroups studies.Setting: Oncology department of 2 Spanish Public Hospitals (pilot n=35; valid questionnaires n=200). Participants:Adult primary caregivers of patients with all types of solid cancer, in all phases of the disease-no restriction on cancer type or family-relationship, in contrast to most previous CQOLC studies. Intervention: None. Main outcomes measures: Sociodemographic data; CQOLC-Spain psychometric properties.Results: Six factor analyses reveal a 5-factors structure, very close to but distinct from the US original scale, distinct from the Asian and other European scales (which displayed from 1 to 9 factors). Three factors were already present in the original US scale (F1-BURDEN, F2-DISRUPTIVENESS, F3-POSITIVE ADAPTATION), while 2 new factors appeared: F4-RELATIONSHIP and F5-CONCERN FOR PATIENT. Reliability index are good (alpha=0.81, good alphas for each factor), higher extracted variance ratio (59.4%) than all previous CQOLC studies. Conclusion:The CQOLC-Spain questionnaire addressing cancer-patients primary caregivers, translated from the original CQOLC, is validated and reliable. It can be incorporated in a permanent quality-of-care improvement strategy for both caregivers and patients. Methodological improvements for sampling and for CQOLC scales validations across countries are suggested, while cross-cultural comparison demonstrates the need for ongoing research: the CQOLC-S should now be tested in Latin/North-American Spanish-speaking populations.
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