Fish peptone was produced using enzymatic hydrolysis of silver carp filleting by-products by alcalase and trypsin. Also, the efficiency of the hydrolysates as a nitrogen source in Staphylococcus aureus medium was compared with commercial TSB. The results indicated that the protein hydrolysate from alcalase and trypsin had high protein content (92.92%, 91.53 respectively), and degree of hydrolysis (4.94%, 4.6% respectively).The results showed that silver carp filleting waste can be an efficient source for fish peptone production as a nitrogen source for S. aureus medium. However, the type of the used proteolytic enzyme considerably affected the performance of the resulting peptone despite the same DH. Fish peptone produced by alcalese performed significantly (P < 0.05) better than commercial TSB as a media for the bacteria while the performance of the trypsin peptone was not as good as the commercial medium.

Isocyanurate bridging periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO-ICS) was shown to be a highly active and efficient recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of biscoumarin derivatives from 4-hydroxy coumarin, different aldehydes under mild reaction conditions in short reaction times and good to excellent yields in H2O. Moreover, the catalyst was also recovered and reused at least four times without significant decrease in its activity. The PMO-ICS catalyst was characterizred by Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorptiondesorption isotherms (NADI) techniques as well as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Compared to the classical methodologies, this method illustrated significant advantages including low loading of the catalyst, avoiding the use of toxic transition metals or reactive reagents for modification of the catalytic activity, short reaction times, high to excellent yields, easy separation and purification of the products, and reusability of the catalyst.