Background. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a life-threatening genetic disorder due to the formation of sickle hemoglobin molecule (HbS) that polymerizes in hypoxic conditions leading to SCD-related complications. Different approaches have been used in the management of SCD including symptomatic management, supportive management, and preventive management. Objectives. To assess the management of SCD in pediatric patients in Gaafar Ibnauf Referral Hospital in Khartoum locality, Sudan. Method. A descriptive, retrospective, hospital-based study was conducted in Gaafar Ibnauf Hospital using a data collection sheet. The study included all medical files of pediatric patients with SCD attending the hospital during the period from the first of April 2018 to the first of July 2018. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of 207 pediatric patients, 53.1% were females (mean age of 7.5 ± 3.1 years), with a 1.1 : 1 female:male ratio and low socioeconomic status. Only 4.3% of participants had health insurance. The Messeryia tribe in western Sudan had the highest prevalence of the disease among the Sudanese tribes (11.1%). Vaso-occlusive crisis (33.3%), infections (13.5%), and neurological complications (10.6%) were the most frequent complications reported during routine visits. After initiation of management, only 3.4% of pediatric patients had hemolytic crises, and 1.4% of the anemic patients had splenomegaly. 100% of patients received folic acid, 73.9% used hydroxyurea, and 69.6% underwent blood transfusion for the management of SCD. Prophylactic penicillin was prescribed for 15% of patients, and 41.1% were immunized with pneumococcal vaccine (PPSV23). Most patients had been scheduled for planned follow-up visits every 3–6 months (93.2%). Hydroxyurea and blood transfusion significantly reduced fever and vaso-occlusive crisis. Conclusion. The SCD treatment protocol in Gaafar Ibnauf Children’s Hospital, involving preventive and symptomatic therapy, is consistent with the internationally implemented protocols for SCD management. However, immunization and prophylactic penicillin approaches are deficient.
Background: Goats are considered poor man’s cow because goat farming remains a profitable venture for decades but diseases and disorders are the sheer hindrances of goat rearing. Clinical studies on prevalence of diseases and disorders in goats are available, but no study has been observed based on etiology, sex and seasons in Kasba Upazilla, Bangladesh. This study was conducted to detect the incidence of clinical diseases and disorders in the study area. Methods: During the study period of January to December 2018 a total number of 786 goats were diagnosed at Upazila Veterinary Hospital by general, physical and clinical examination. Data were assembled through a structured sheet and analyzed by using SPSS software version 12. Result: The clinical cases were primarily categorized into six major groups (1) Viral (2) Bacterial (3) Parasitic (4) Surgical (5) Gynaeco-obstetrical (6) Systemic and other disorders. Systemic and other disorders constituted the highest percentage 26.59% in comparison to viral 19.84%, bacterial 25.19%, parasitic 17.81%, surgical cases 6.74% and gynaeco-obstetrical diseases 3.81%. Among each category of clinical cases, the highest diseases and disorders recorded were PPR 13.10%, pneumonia 15.39%, fascioliasis 5.85%, urolithiasis 3.05%, retained placenta 1.39%, diarrhea 9.54% respectively. Sex-wise disease frequency was 41.41% and 58.21% in male and female respectively, whereas season-wise most sizeable percentage was recorded in rainy season 44.69% than in winter 31.65% and summer 22.98%.
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