Compared with ranibizumab, intravitreal administration of bevacizumab resulted in a greater decrease in macular thickness in the untreated eye, in patients with bilateral DME.

Objectives:To examine changes in corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) in different stages of keratoconus and evaluate its correlation with corneal tomographic parameters.Materials and Methods:Two hundred six patients with keratoconus were enrolled in the study. Corneal topography was performed by Sirius (CSO, Italy), which has a rotating Scheimpflug camera and a Placido disc topographer. Automatic endothelial analysis was done with the non-contact endothelial microscope (20x probe) of Confoscan-4 (NIDEK, Japan). The eyes were classified into stages based on steepest keratometric value as follows: mild <45 D; moderate 45-52 D; severe >52 D and according to thinnest cornea thickness (TCT) as <400 μm, 400-450 μm, and >450 μm. Tomographic and endothelial cell parameters were compared among the groups using Kruskal-Wallis test and the correlations between them were analyzed using Spearman correlation.Results:The study included 391 eyes of 100 male (24.29±7.7 years, range 11-47 years) and 106 female (26.26±7.5 years, range 13-45 years) patients (p=0.07). Mean ECD values were 2628±262 cells/mm2, 2541.9±260.4 cells/mm2, and 2414.6±384.3 cells/mm2 in mild, moderate, and severe keratoconus, respectively (p<0.001) and 2592.3±277 cells/mm2, 2502±307 cells/mm2 and 2348±296 cells/mm2 in corneas with TCT values >450 µm, 400-450 µm, and <400 µm, respectively (p<0.001). ECD showed significant negative correlation with keratometric and elevation parameters and positive correlation with pachymetric parameters (p<0.05).Conclusion:As endothelial cell numbers seem to decrease with the progression of keratoconus, specular/confocal microscopy screening should be carried out, especially in eyes with advanced stages and corneas with TCT <400 µm.

Following cataract surgery, retained presumed intraocular cotton fibers did not cause any additional inflammation in the eye within the short term. In contrast to other intraocular foreign bodies, which may cause severe inflammation, retained intraocular cotton fibers seem to be well tolerated following cataract surgery.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as inflammation markers. Methods: The files of 33 IIH patients and 33 controls were screened for this retrospective study. For each patient, the NLR and PLR values were calculated using a single fasting blood sample. For both eyes, papilledema (PE) grades, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT) measurements were recorded along with the demographic data, including body mass index (BMI), and complete neurological and ophthalmological findings. Comparisons between the two groups and between the IIH patients with and without PE were made. The associations of NLR and PLR with all other parameters were analyzed independently from age, gender, and BMI. Results: NLR and PLR were higher in patients with IIH than controls ( P < 0.05). They were also higher in patients with PE ( P < 0.05) in the IIH group. NLR and PLR were found to be associated with BCVA ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.023, respectively), global RNFLT ( P = 0.004 and 0.012, respectively), RNFLT of the temporal quadrant ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.042, respectively) and PE grade ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion: The NLR and PLR values and their associations with BCVA, RNFLT, and PE support the hypothesis that inflammation is a very important component of the pathogenesis of IIH.

Besides anterior corneal changes, PPCD seems to cause posterior corneal elevation, which necessitates corneal tomographic evaluation. In unilateral or highly asymmetric cases, children with PPCD should be screened for amblyopia.

OBJECTIVES: Although the data in the literature regarding the etiopathogenesis of adrenal adenomas are scarce, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easy-to-calculate parameter that has gained popularity in recent years as an indicator of subinfl ammation. In this study, we aimed to show the changes in NLR in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. METHODS: The anamnesis, laboratory and radiology records of the patients with adrenal incidentaloma in the last 1 year were examined. Functional adrenal incidentalomas were excluded. RESULTS: The records of clinical, laboratory and radiological fi ndings of 60 patients were examined. The mean neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be 2.49 ± 1.29 (0.89-6.84). There was no relationship between NLR, biochemical parameters and hormone levels. A weakly positive correlation was found between NLR and mass size (p=0.04; r = 0.26). CONCLUSION: Adrenal incidentaloma has become one of the clinical problems frequently encountered by endocrinologists in recent years. Even when they are nonfunctional, they are thought to be associated with various metabolic disorders and infl ammation. With this study, we have captured a clue to infl ammation, and we are sharing the fi ndings described herein (Tab. 1, Ref. 28).

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