Ovarian Remnant syndrome (ORS) is the presence of residual ovarian tissue after an oophorectomy was performed whether associated with a hysterectomy or not. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman with a past surgical history of total abdominal hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy with an indication of placenta accreta incidentally discovered during a caesarian section. The patient presented with pelvic pain and was diagnosed with ORS. She was successfully managed by laparoscopy with removal of the cyst and the surrounding ovarian tissue, confirmed by histopathological analysis. The post operative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged after 2 days of good evolution. In our context, surgery remains the main treatment option, however, other treatment options including radiotherapy or medical management need to be considered as either adjunct or main therapy.

Objective: Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition with a diverse aetiology that affects the gums and tooth supporting structures and, if untreated, can lead to tooth loss, dental implant loss and a reduced quality of life and self-confidence. Recent research has found that pregnant women with male foetuses experience more inflammation than those with female foetuses. Furthermore, periodontal disease has been linked to poor birth outcomes, emphasizing the significance of this research. Determine the extent of periodontal change in pregnant women in relation to foetal sex. Methods:We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study from January 10th to May 30th 2022, recruiting participants from the YCH, the FMBS's laboratory of dental implantology and periodontology, and analysing samples at the YUTH Biochemistry laboratory. The sera samples were then used to analyse hormones (Testosterone and Progesterone) using the ELISA competitive and sandwich methods. Results:The average age was 30 years old, and the average gestational age was 31 weeks. In both groups, we found a 58% prevalence of PD, with 30% of the 58% being in women carrying male foetuses. Testosterone levels were higher in women carrying male foetuses than in women carrying female foetuses. Between people with periodontal disease and those who did not, there was a moderately strong relationship (r=0.552) and a statistically significant difference (p=0.042) in testosterone levels. Conclusion:Pregnancy increases the risk of periodontal disease. During pregnancy, the sex hormone progesterone had no significant association with the development of periodontal disease. Finally, women carrying male foetuses had a higher prevalence of periodontal disease than women carrying female foetuses.

Introduction: Preeclampsia increases the longterm risk of cardiovascular disease. Some of the women affected by this condition remain hypertensive after delivery. Hypertensive phenotypes such as masked hypertension, sustained hypertension, white coat hypertension and an adverse systolic night-today blood pressure (BP) ratio are often unnoticed and can only be detected with ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension using ABPM and office measurements. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study which included women who delivered between January 2015 and June 2021 and were diagnosed and followed up for preeclampsia in three major obstetrical and gynaecologic units in Yaounde. We excluded from the study all women who had a history of chronic hypertension or a known Cardiopathy. Sociodemographic data and past history were recorded, a physical exam,ecg, an ultrasound and ABPM was performed to all participants.Results: 101 participants were included. The mean age was 30.56 years. 40.6% of women had hypertension (sustained hypertension, with sometime masked hypertension) with ABPM. Sustained hypertension was most common (26.7%), followed by masked hypertension (11.9%) and white-coat hypertension (2%). With office BP measurement, only 28.7% of women would have been diagnosed hypertensive. 29.8% of women had a disadvantageous dipping pattern. Among those that develop chronic hypertension, 18.8% had LVH at electrocardiography, 7.9% had both LVH and an abnormal left ventricular geometry on ultrasound while in normotensive women 1.9% had LVH at Ecg with 1% having both LVH and abnormal geometry at ultrasound. 20.8% of these women were obese during the follow up compared to 11.9% in the normotensive group. We had 26 patients (25,74%) with severe office hypertension and 32,3% were obeses. The fundus was normal in the majority of cases and we had no signs of neurological deficits or impaired cognition. Renal function was always normal or subnormal. Finally, we had two cases of heart failure. Conclusion:Many women affected by preeclampsia remain hypertensive after delivery. Masked hypertension and white-coat hypertension are risk factors for future cardiovascular disease and can only be diagnosed with ABPM. It is important to provide adequate follow-up for these women in order to intervene on the factors leading to this outcome.

Background: Tramadol, an analgesic, is a prodrug requiring bioactivation through cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) to obtain O-desmethyltramadol (M1), its active metabolite. However, little is known on the African pharmacogenetic profile of tramadol metabolism. Hence, we aimed to study the biological efficacy of tramadol in an African population.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study over a 3-month period carried out at intensive care unit of a Cameroonian tertiary hospital. We enrolled patients with moderate-to-severe pain surgery, who had not been administered drugs metabolized by CYP450. Immediately after surgery, 2 mg/kg of tramadol was administered intravenously every 6 hours. Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) within the first 24 hours. Vital signs and side effects were recorded. Plasma samples were collected at 3rd and 6th hours to assay tramadol and M1 using HPLC-UV.Results: We enrolled 30 patients with a mean age of 32 years operated for caesarean section, laparotomy and cancer surgery, under spinal and general anesthesia. Before administration of tramadol, the VAS was 6/10. The VAS decreased 4/10 to 1/10 between the 3rdand the 6th hour. There was a reduction of the respiratory rate of 3 breath cycles per minute as early as the 6th hour. Samples from 13 patients were analyzed. M1 was found in all patients; of which 4 had a slow metabolism and 3 had a faster metabolism.Conclusions: Overall there was good correlation between the clinical and biological analgesic efficacy of tramadol.