The effects of brine and dry salting on sensory and quality attributes of mussels stored at 4 Ϯ 1C were investigated in this study. In brine salting method, the mussels were immersed in brine containing 26.4 g NaCl/100 mL water. In the dry salting method, the mussels were salted with a mixture of thin and thick granular salt by using the ratio of mussel to salt as 4:1 by weight. The salted mussels remained in the liquid pickle formed by salt and liquid extracted from the mussels. This solution was not drained during the storage period. Both brine-salted and dry-salted mussels were stored at 4 Ϯ 1C. Initial dry matters were 13.94 and 20.75% in raw and boiled mussels, which increased to 32.84 and 39.67%, respectively at the end of the storage time after brine and dry salting. Salt content was 0.87% in raw mussels, and increased to 21.01% in brine-salted mussels and 25.26% in dry-salted mussels at the end of the storage period. The total volatile basic nitrogen was 11.83 mg/100 g in raw mussels, which decreased to 2.80 mg/100 g after boiling. The TVB-N content increased to 7.00 mg/100 g in brine-salted mussels and 10.50 mg/ 100 g in dry-salted mussels at the end of the storage time. Trimethylamine nitrogen values in raw and boiled mussels were 1.13 and 1.01 mg/100 g, respectively, and increased to 3.86 mg/100 g in brine-salted mussels and 4.10 mg/100 g in dry-salted mussels at the 120th day of the storage period. The salted mussel was a different taste for consumers. It was concluded that Mediterranean mussels can be consumed for a period of 4 months in refrigerated conditions.

I n d e x e d i n P u b M e d , W e b o f S c i e n c e a n d S c o p u s Pankaj M. Joshi and Sanjay B. Kulkarni. A new technique of double-face buccal graft urethroplasty for female urethral strictures.

Intraparenchymal leiomyoma of the breast are among benign non-epithelial tumors with the lowest incidence. Although it displays a benign histology, it may be confused with malignant lesions and create diagnostic confusion. In this paper, we report a 44-year-old woman with a painless mass with a diameter of 1.5 cm in the upper medial quadrant of her right breast. The lesion was removed surgically. The lesion's histologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis revealed a smooth muscle tumor of the breast. The patient was initially diagnosed with fibroadenoma and was followed in terms of the epicenter for six months before she underwent surgery. Her mammography and histopathology results are discussed in this report.

MDCT devices still require further investigation when used in pediatric surgical pathologies. Reconstructed images of VB can reveal images close to the real anatomy. In patients with a suspicion of foreign body ingestion, initial VB may help to determine the presence and exact localization of the foreign body and if negative, may reduce the number of unnecessary rigid bronchoscopies. None of the patients with negative VB had foreign bodies. Positive VB may help to shorten the operative time by providing information about the localization and size of the foreign body.

Tocilizumab is an interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor licensed for moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report a case of Tocilizumab monotherapy for severe active RA in a patient with coexisting ulcerative colitis (UC). The patient was intolerant to multiple disease-modifying drugs, so Tocilizumab monotherapy was commenced. We found clinical improvement in both RA and UC. There was no major adverse event after 2 years. Manufacturer advised caution in using Tocilizumab in patient with gastrointestinal ulceration due to an increased risk of bowel perforation. However, alternative treatments such as glucocorticoid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may carry a higher bowel perforation risk. The presence of gastrointestinal ulceration therefore should not constitute an absolute contraindication for Tocilizumab therapy. Future studies of registry data will inform clinician of the Tocilizumab-related risk of gastrointestinal toxicity in “real-life” settings. Contrary to previous case report, we found Tocilizumab therapy to have a positive effect on UC. Laboratory studies supported a role for interleukin-6 in the pathophysiology of UC. Further clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic role of Tocilizumab in UC would be warranted.

In this study, effects of boiling and hot smoking on proximate composition and shelf life of mussels stored at 4 ± 1C were investigated. Dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash levels were determined as 13.94, 10.30, 1.14 and 0.95% in fresh mussels 20.75, 13.83, 2.11, 0.77% after boiling and 39.57, 22.22, 10.04%, 6.02% after hot smoking, respectively. Trimethylamine nitrogen values in fresh, boiled and hot smoked mussels were determined as 1.13, 1.01 and 1.07 mg/100 g, respectively, and increased to 24.35 mg/100 g at 18th day of the storage period. pH value in hot smoked mussels ranged between 4.85 and 4.51 during the chilled storage. According to the results, mussels smoked by hot smoking and stored at refrigerator temperature (4 ± 1C) for 12 days can be consumed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In many countries, smoking is used to obtain products that are popular for their texture and flavor. Mussels, scallops and oysters are some of the important mollusk species that are smoked and eaten in different parts of the world. In this research, the effects of hot smoking process (for 30 min at 82C) on proximate composition and shelf life of Mediterranean mussel stored at 4C was investigated.

Significantly higher obstructive defecation subscale, colonic inertia subscale, pain subscale, and total scores in the study group as compared to controls shows that constipation may represent an important etiological factor for the development of inguinal herniation.

Controversy still exists concerning the diagnosis and treatment of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE). Although surgical removal of the affected lobe is the most commonly accepted form of treatment, detection of milder or even asymptomatic cases is usually followed by a more conservative management of patients, i. e. non-surgical treatment and follow-up. We therefore decided to evaluate our patients with CLE, placing special emphasis on treatment and diagnostic techniques. We also evaluated quantitative analyses of alveolar diameters. Fourteen children with CLE were analysed retrospectively, including age, sex, clinical picture, localisation, diagnostic and surgical modalities and histopathologic diagnosis. The alveolar diameters of affected lobes were compared with those of the lobectomised patients with other non-obstructive respiratory diseases. All children but one had severe respiratory distress as an initial symptom. All patients, except newborns, had a history of pulmonary infection. All cases underwent thoracic CT examination as the main radiologic method. In all of the patients, only one lobe was affected. We found an obvious mediastinal shift and atelectasis of adjacent lobes due to compression of the affected lobe. The affected lobe was therefore surgically removed in all of the children. In one case, we had to carry out a partial lobectomy to reduce the duration of the operation, due to an intraoperative fall of oxygen saturation. All of the children had an uneventful clinical course postoperatively. The alveolar diameters of the cases with CLE were significantly greater than those of the control patients. We think that the majority of cases with CLE have too severe respiratory distress to avoid surgical removal of affected lobe. Conservative management should be reserved only for patients with milder symptoms or no distress at all.