The development of diffractive and refractive optics from ancient times (2000 years ago) to the present is traced from a theoretical and practical point of view. A comparative analysis of the possibilities of the two fields in optics is presented. The possibility for achromatization and corrections that exceed the boundary of diffractive and refractive optical elements is pointed out.
The Singular Value Decomposition CSVD) of an image matrix, followed by image restoration by part of singular values terns is employed for high frequency noise reduction. The Fisher criterion or an optimal filtering are implemented to the singular value image spectrum in order to remove or correct singular values corresponding to the variation due to additive noise. This procedure is proposed as a preprocessing step of interferogram processing.
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