The effects of three finishing systems on carcass composition and other characteristics of meat were studied in 15 young Eastern Anatolian Red bulls in Eastern Turkey. For 93 days, five bulls grazed pasture (P), five grazed the same pasture and were given concentrate supplementation (P + C), and five grazed the same pasture for 93 days, and then for an additional 40 days, they received concentrate in a barn (PF). Carcasses of the P bulls were lighter and leaner than those of the PF animals. Compared with the P carcasses, PF carcasses had a greater percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (P < 0.05), marbling score (P < 0.05), fat thickness over the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (P < 0.05), and percentage of ether extractable lipids (P < 0.05). The LD of P carcasses was darker (P < 0.01) in color and the meat was tougher. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in LD intramuscular fat was higher (P < 0.05) for P bulls than for P + C and PF. P carcasses contained a lower (P < 0.05) proportion of saturated fatty acids than PF carcasses. It is concluded that pasture-based finishing results in a more favorable fatty acid profile of meat and produces a healthier food, but the meat is darker and tougher.
Bu araştırma, Erzurum İli Hınıs İlçesi'ndeki sığır yetiştiricilerinin sığır besleme ve yemleme alışkanlıkları ile ilgili konuya ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ana materyalini toplam 378 sığır üreticisinden anket yolu ile elde edilen veriler oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen veriler ki-kare testi kullanılarak istatistiksel analize tabii tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonunda ankete katılan işletme sahiplerinin % 16'sının yem bitkisi yetiştiriciliği yaptığı saptanmıştır. Bu işletmelerin % 80'inde korunga tarımı yapılmaktadır. Kaba yem kaynağı olarak buğday veya arpa samanı (% 71) ana yem maddesi olarak kullanılmakta, bunu kuru yonca otu (% 14) ve kuru çayır otu (% 11) takip etmektedir. Önemli bir kaba yem kaynağı olan silaj ise ilçede çok düşük düzeyde (% 0.25) kullanılmaktadır. İşletmelerin % 64'ünde fabrika yemi kullanıldığı, arpa ve kepek kullanımının ise çok düşük düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hınıs İlçesi'nde sığır sürüleri Nisan (% 25), Mayıs (% 37) ve Haziran (% 37) aylarında meraya çıkmakta olup meraya çıkma oranı % 99 düzeyindedir. Yetiştiricilerin % 20'sinin yaylaya çıkma imkânı olduğu, çoğunlukla Haziran ayında (% 58) yaylaya çıkıp 2-3 ay kaldıkları saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, Hınıs İlçesi'nde sığır yetiştiricilerinin hayvan besleme konusunda birtakım yanlış uygulamalar yaptıkları, örneğin arpa veya buğday samanının halen en çok tercih edilen yem maddeleri arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum ilçedeki sığır yetiştiricilerinin konu ile ilgili olarak eğitim programlarına alınması ve hayvan besleme ile yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliği konusunda aydınlatılması gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur.A study on cattle feeding practices of cattle enterprises in Hinis district of Erzurum province ABSTRACT This study was carried out in order to determine the level of knowledge on cattle nutrition and feeding habits of cattle producers in Hınıs district of Erzurum Province. The main material of this study was data obtained by surveys made in 378 cattle producers. The data collected were analyzed statistically by using chi-square test. It was found that 16% of the producers participated in this survey planted forage crop currently. Of the cattle enterprises, 80% produced sainfoin forage crop. Wheat and barley straws (71%) were used mainly as sources of the rough feed, and they were followed by alfalfa hay (14%) and grass hay (11%). Silage, which is one of the significant forages, was used at the lowest level (0.25%). It was also determined that 64% of the cattle enterprises used the concentrate feed manufactured in the local feed plants, and usage of the barley and wheat bran as a feed source was at very low level. In Hınıs district, cattle herds moved into the pasture in April (25%), May (37%) and June (37%), and percentage of the cattle herds moving into the pasture was 99%. It was also revealed that 20% of the cattle producers had a chance to move to the plateau, and they mostly went there in June (58%) and stay in the plateau for 2-3 months. As a result of ...
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