Acute or chronic damage to the liver may occur through alcohol, drugs, viruses, genetic disorders, and toxicity. In this study, we planned to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin (Mel) by causing damage to the liver with thioacetamide (TAA). Thirty‐five rats were used. Group I: control group (seven pieces), group II: Mel group (seven pieces) the single dose on the first day of the experiment was 10 mg/kg, group III: TAA (seven pieces) 300 mg/kg with 24‐hour intervals, two doses, group IV: Mel + TAA group (seven pieces) 10 mg/kg single dose Mel was applied 24 hours before TAA application, group V: TAA + Mel group (seven pieces) single dose (24th hour) of 10 mg/kg Mel was administered after TAA (300 mg/kg) two doses. The liver histology was evaluated. Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis markers in tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in blood serum samples and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels were determined in liver tissue. TAA affected histologically the classical lobule structure both in cell cords and sinusoids. Caspase‐3, RIP3, and LC3 levels were increased in group III compared with the control group. TAA did not cause a statistically significant change in TNF‐α level but decreased the TGF‐β level significantly. AST and ALT levels were statistically significant in group II and V compared with group I, the ALP level was significant in group IV compared with group II. The results of this study showed that TAA caused significant damage to tissues and increased cell death, Mel was found to have more therapeutic than the protective effect on tissues.
In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effects of L-carnitine after carbontetrachloride (CCl 4) toxicity through nephrin and Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expressions in the glomerular structure. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague dawley rats were divided into 5 groups with animals in each group. Group I: Control group; 0.2 ml olive oil intraperitoneal (ip) twice weekly, Group II: L-carnitine group; 200 mg/kg Lcarnitine (ip) twice a week, Group III: CCl 4 group; 0.2 ml CCl 4 (ip) twice a week for 6 weeks, Group IV: L-carnitine + CCl 4 group, 200 mg/kg ip L-carnitine 24 hours before CCl 4 twice a week, Group V: CCl 4 + L-carnitine group; 200 mg/kg L-carnitine half an hour after CCl 4 twice a week. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on kidney tissue sections to show nephrin and HIF-1α expression. Expression densities of the proteins were measured by ImageJ program. Results: Nephrin expression was significantly increased in Group III compared to other groups. There was a significant increase in HIF-1α expression only between Group I and Group III. Expression densities of proteins in L-carnitine-treated groups were similar to control. Conclusion: L-carnitine has both protective and therapeutic effects against CCl 4 toxicity in renal glomeruli. Amaç: Bu çalışmada glomerül yapısındaki nefrin ve hipoksi indüklenebilir faktör-1alfa ekspresyonları aracılığıyla karbontetraklorid (CCl4) toksisitesi sonrası Lkarnitin'in etkilerinin gösterilmesini amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: 40 adet Sprague dawley erkek sıçan 5 gruba (n=8) ayrıldı. Grup I: Kontrol grubu; 0.2 ml zeytinyağı intraperitoneal (ip) haftada 2 kez, Grup II: Lkarnitin grubu; 200 mg/kg L-karnitin (ip) haftada 2 kez, Grup III: CCl 4 group; 0.2 ml CCl 4 (ip) haftada 2 kez 6 hafta boyunca, Grup IV: L-karnitin + CCl 4 grubu, haftada 2 kez CCl 4 uygulamasından önce 200 mg/kg ip L-karnitin, Grup V: CCl 4 + L-karnitin grubu, haftada 2 kez CCl 4 uygulamasından 1 saat sonra 200 mg/kg ip L-karnitin. Böbrek doku kesitlerine nefrin ve HIF-1α ekspresyonunu göstermek için immunohistokimya boyama uygulandı. Proteinlerin ekspresyon yoğunlukları ImageJ programında ölçüldü. Bulgular: Nefrin ekspresyonu diğer gruplar ile kıyaslandığında Grup III'de anlamlı olarak arttı. HIF-1α ekspresyonu yalnızca Grup I ve Grup III arasında anlamlı şekilde arttı. Proteinlerin ekspresyon yoğunlukları Lkarnitin-tedavili gruplarda kontrol grubuna benzerdi. Sonuç: L-karnitin böbrek glomerulusunda CCl 4 toksisitesine karşı hem koruyucu hem tedavi edici etkilere sahiptir.
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