Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) represents a neuropathic pain syndrome through the use of neuropathic pain scales. Patients and methods: The study included 99 female patients (mean age 44.21 years; range, 18 to 65 years) who referred to Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department Outpatient Clinics with complaints of widespread pain and who received a clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia based on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria and a control group consisting of 86 female patients (mean age 49.21 years; range, 18 to 65 years) who were diagnosed with acute subacromial impingement as a nociceptive pain model. All patients completed the Turkish version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Beck Depression Scale (BDS), the 10 cm Visual Analog Scale for pain assessment, the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain questionnaire for neuropathic pain assessment and the painDETECT scale. Results: An evaluation of the patients' symptoms indicated that complaints of numbness, burning, tingling, morning stiffness, insomnia, fatigue and weakness were significantly more common in the fibromyalgia group compared to the controls. Moreover, the mean scores of the BDS, FIQ, painDETECT and LANSS pain scale were significantly higher in the fibromyalgia group compared to the controls. Statistically significant correlations were noted between FIQ values and LANSS, and the BDS and painDETECT results in the fibromyalgia group. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that sensorial symptoms such as paraesthesia, hyperalgesia and allodynia were more common and the scores of neuropathic pain scales such as painDETECT and LANSS were significantly elevated in the fibromyalgia patients compared to the control group, and these findings suggest that FMS may have a neuropathic pain component.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of 4 μg/kg teriparatide administered at intermittent and continuous frequencies on bone formation in the expanded midpalatal suture region using histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (micro-Ct) analysis. Settings and sample population: In this study, 24 Sprague Dawley male rats were used. Methods:The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups as follows: Group 1: only maxillary expansion, Group 2: maxillary expansion with continuous teriparatide administration (2 μg in the morning and 2 μg in the evening) and Group 3: maxillary expansion with intermittent teriparatide administration (daily 4 μg/kg). The expansion appliance was fixed to maxillary incisors of all animals within the 5-day expansion period, followed by a 12-day retention phase. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the retention period, and specimens were evaluated by micro-Ct and histomorphometric analysis respectively. Results:The results of the histomorphometric analysis showed that Group 3 had the highest number of osteoblasts (1042 ± 90.76) (P < .01). In addition, the results of micro-Ct analysis revealed that Group 3 had the highest bone volume/total volume (16% ± 0), bone mineral density (173.82 ± 2.6 mgHA/cm 3 ) and least midpalatal suture width (0.13 ± 0.001 mm) (P < .01). Osteoblasts number and micro-Ct analysis values of Group 2 were higher than those of Group 1 but no significant differences between them (P > .01). Conclusion:Intermittently administered TP (4 μg/kg once a day) was seen to enhance bone formation and mineralization. In the future, it can be used in drug studies that will increase or stimulate bone formation as well as in the midpalatal suture area. How to cite this article: Koca CG, Sadry S, Asker H, Çiçek MF, Kösehasanoğulları M, Kaya G. Effects of the different administration frequencies of teriparatide (PTH [1-34]) on new bone formation of expanded midpalatal sutures in rats: A histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography analysis.

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Although most forms of disability cause sedentary lifestyles in humans there are opportunities for regular physical activity to sport. During the last decade, sport for athletes with disabilities has moved away from a medical rehabilitation model and towards a competitive sports model. A functional classification system based on the athletes' movements is used to ensure the fair game for disabled athletes. For the competition, the players are divided into six categories. These categories are wheelchair athletes, amputees, cerebral palsy, blindness, mental disorder and others. Participation in sports also increases the risk of injury. In each type, different sports injuries are seen according to the situation of disability. For the prevention of sports injuries, the mechanism, the risk factors, frequency and the degree of damage must be determined. Current studies in the literature are insufficient in the definition of injury. There are essential differences between the studies in the population, the methodology and the injury speed account. Some reviews are sport and injury-focused, others are injury focused. This indefiniteness causes difficulties in separating risk factors related to injury and action. There is a need for studies, that sportsman can be followed, takes extended follow-up that can calculate the rate of damage and the quality of life.