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Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between strength, flexibility, and field tests of upper extremity in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy individuals (25 women, 25 men) volunteered in the study. The physical and clinical characteristics of the participants were questioned using an evaluation form. Muscle strength was measured using a hand dynamometer. Flexibility was measured with a tape. The Y balance test (YBT) and medicine ball throwing were used as upper extremity field tests. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyzes were used to determine the relationship between the parameters. Results: There was a moderate correlation between medicine ball throwing and YBT total scores (r=0.507, p<0.01). It was revealed that strength and flexibility of the upper extremity were related to YBT scores (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Conclusions: For healthy individuals, there are relations between strength, flexibility and field tests. Increased strength and reduced flexibility for the upper extremity increases physical performance and balance.

This study was planned to compare the effectiveness of high voltage pulsed galvanic (HVPG) stimulation, Russian current and isometric exercise on quadriceps femoris (QF) isometric muscle strength in healthy young women. Methods: Forty-six healthy young women were included in the study. Before and after the training, the dominant side QF isometric muscle strength of participants was assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer. The peak torque and average torques of the participants were recorded after the test. The training was planned as HVPG current group (n=16), Russian current group (n=15) and isometric strengthening group (n=15). All treatments were performed under physiotherapist supervision for a total of 15 sessions for three days a week for five weeks. Results: The quadriceps isometric muscle strength was significantly increased in all groups in terms of peak torque and average torque values after training compared to pre-training values (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found between the groups when the peak torque and average torque delta values were compared (p>0.05). Conclusion: The highest rate of change belongs to the HVPG group in terms of increasing the QF isometric muscle strength. Therefore, we recommend using it in clinical practice.

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Objectives This study aimed to determine the effect of music on balance parameters in healthy individuals. Methods Forty-two participants were included in the study, mean age=23.3 (SD=5.31). Prokin Tecnobody balance device was used for balance measurements. Static and dynamic balance measurements on the dominant foot and bipedal stance were recorded while listening to high-intensity music and without music. Results In the study, there was a statistically significant difference in the dominant foot static mediolateral balance in measurements taken with music (p=0.013). But, there was no difference in other parameters (p>0.05). When examined by gender, it was found that the mediolateral balance scores of females on static and dynamic dominant feet were significantly higher in high-intensity music than males (p<0.05). Conclusion In healthy participants, music improves the mediolateral balance on the dominant foot. Therefore, high-intensity music can be a safe and motivating method to be used in addition to clinical applications.

The functional movement screen is an easily administered and noninvasive tool for identifying weaknesses and asymmetry during exercises and daily activity. Also the bilateral asymmetries in flexibility and in Y Balance Test have been associated with injuries. However, relationships among these attributes are unclear especially in young adults. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dynamic balance using the Y-Balance Test (YBT), functional movement using the functional movement screen (FMS) and muscle lengths using a standard goniometer in a young adults. Secondary aims were to investigate whether this parameters differed between male and female. One hundred twenty-three healthy people (male: n=68, age=21.49±1.47 years; female: n=55, age=20.98±1.67 years) participated in the study. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between muscle lengths and FMS, and the YBT. There were positive correlations between the muscle lenghts and the YBT(.197<r.05) when considered as total scores. However, females performed significantly better than male on the shoulder mobility (p = .004) and straight leg raise (p=.000) but poorer than male on the trunk stability push-up (p = .001) and deep squat (p =.000). We conclude that muscle length in young, male and female can effect in FMS and dynamic balance.

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the effects of problematic smartphone use on physical activity level and musculoskeletal pain. Methods Two hundred eighty university students (185 female; 95 male; mean age: 20.84±2.37 years) were included in the study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to determine the level of physical activity. Problematic smartphone use was determined using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form (SAS-SF) and musculoskeletal pain using the Nordic Musculoskeletal System Questionnaire. Results When SAS-SF scores were examined, it was seen that 31.8% (89 people) of the participants had problematic smartphone use. A moderate negative correlation was found between problematic smartphone use and physical activity level (p=0.0001; r=−0.419). Neck (p=0.017) and back pain (p=0.040) severity was higher in people with problematic smartphone use. Conclusions The findings show that problematic smartphone use has negative effects on both physical activity level and pain severity. For this reason, problematic smartphone use should be questioned in university students with neck and back pain.