In this study, the possibility to release bioactive peptides from camel milk using heat treatments and fermentation of camel milk was investigated. Camel milk was heated at 80°C for 30, 60, 90 and 120min. Samples of yoghurts after their fermentation and during storage were determined for proximate physicochemical and bioactive activities. Results showed that heat treatments and fermentation process, decreased significantly the pH (P<0.01) and increased the total solids and protein (P<0.01) of yoghurt during storage. The ash content was almost unchanged, when the time of heat treatments of camel milk increased. Also, fermentation increased the antioxidant activities in yoghurt. SDS-PAGE electrophoretic patterns of camel milk showed that after heating camel milk at 80°C for 60min; α-S2caseins (α-S2-CN) was not detected, while after fermentation α-lactalbumin (α-la) and β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) were not significantly detected. The peptide fractions from yoghurt showed good potential to inhibit growth of Bacillus cereus (ATCC 9639), Escherichia coli (ACCT 8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). For all the above, the non-standard heat treatment of camel's milk and fermentation are necessary for a future application in dairy industry to produce a bioactive peptides.

The research aims to improve the therapeutic effect of white cheese by studying the effects of addition bee pollen on the bioactive behavior, sensory and physicochemical properties. Results indicated that bee pollen increased the antioxidant activities of the white cheese. The phenolic components in the bee pollen indicated good potential to inhibit the growth of E. coli (ACCT 8739), St. aureus (ATCC 6538) and S. typhimurium (ACCT 25566). Yield, total solid, fat and protein content of white cheese increased with the addition of bee pollen. No significant effects were observed on the sensory properties, compared with the control up to 1% (w/v). The addition of bee pollen during the production of white cheese is found to be necessary to increase the bioactive activities of the resultant cheese.