Günümüzde tarımsal sistemlerin karşı karşıya kaldığı zorluklarla mücadele için sürdürülebilir bir tarımsal sistem inşa edilmesi ve bu amaçla yeniliklerin desteklenerek sürekli hale getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Sosyal hareketler yeniliğin gerçekleşmesi için önemli kaynaklar olabilmekte; çevre, sağlık, sosyal adalet ve etik gibi konuları toplumun gündemine taşıyarak geniş kitleler üzerinde baskı yaratabilmektedir. Bu baskı içerisinde sivil toplumun rolü daha sürdürülebilir pratiklere doğru gerçekleşen geçişlerde henüz yeterince yer bulamamakla birlikte önemli potansiyeller taşımaktadır ve son yıllarda sivil toplum alanında deneyimlenen sosyal yenilikler için “tabandan yenilikler” kavramı geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada İzmir’in Yarımada olarak adlandırılan bölümünde yer alan ve kaynağını sivil toplum yapılanmalarından alan Seferihisar Doğa Okulu ve Karaburun Zeytin Okulu’nun örgütsel rutinleri ve ağ ilişkileri ile nasıl bağlantılar kurduğu ve politika düzeyindeki aktörler ve geniş kitleler üzerinde baskı yaratmak amacıyla ne tür stratejiler izlediği araştırılmaktadır. Çalışma ile bir coğrafi ölçekte bulgulara dayanarak daha sürdürülebilir pratiklere geçişte sivil toplumun üstlenebileceği rollerin neler olabileceğine ilişkin bir kavramsallaştırma yapılması ile sürdürülebilirlik geçişlerine ilişkin verilen yazına katkı sağlanmaktadır.
Despite the increasing demand for food, agricultural systems are struggling with new challenges such as climate change, depletion of natural resources, loss of biodiversity and disease. This struggle requires not only ecological changes but also building economically and socially sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. Transitions to more sustainable practices are referred to as sustainability transitions, and the multilevel perspective (MLP) provides a framework for their analysis. In this study, based on information from primary and secondary sources in Izmir, Turkey, the MLP was used as a starting point, and using the literature on adoption/diffusion and economic geography with social network analysis, the role of human capital, social relations and regional capacity in restructuring the current regime for developing sustainable agricultural practices at a geographic scale is discussed.
Today, regional development policies focus on institutional capacities shaped by institutional routines and social traditions which were embedded in geography. In order to reveal the development trajectories and potentials for local development of multifunctional agriculture, as an innovation, institutional capacities need to be conceptualized at different geographical scales. Question of the study is the role of institutional capacities in the development of an innovation. It is aimed to understand the relationship between institutional capacity and the development of multifunctional agriculture with its reflections at different geographical scales. Izmir was chosen as the study area. For the study; scientific literature, policy documents and 39 interviews at regional and local level were used. According to the outputs; those innovative initiatives are emerged from a social activism originated from the development of ecological awareness and the change in consumer habits and expectations. However, the political climate of Izmir, its open culture and developed social capital have a great importance in the development of all these practices. With the study, a contribution is made to the literature by conceptualizing the institutional capacities at different geographical scales in the example of multifunctional agriculture, and a reproducible development pattern in terms of local development is revealed.
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