As a legal institution, mediation has been regulated in a specific and detailed way with the Law on Mediation in Civil Disputes numbered 6325 and dated 07/06/2012. According to Art. 2 (B) of this Law, mediation is defined as the method used for the resolution of disputes, employing systematic techniques, carried out voluntarily and with the participation of an impartial and independent third person with specialty training, bringing the parties together to discuss and negotiate, and establishing a communication process between the parties in order to help them to understand each other and thus enabling them to work out their own solutions. The resolution of disputes with the help of an impartial and independent third person, as referred to in the definition provided in the Law, plays a significant role also in the field of family law.The possibility of resolving disputes arising from family law under the management of an impartial and competent person other than the judge represents a new and current phenomenon in Turkish law. Since that the Law on Mediation in Civil Disputes includes deficient and general provisions, it is important to identify which matters will be mediatable in terms of family mediation. This is because mediatable matters in connection with both mediations, in general and of family mediation are not exhaustively enumerated in the Law. Pursuant to Art. 1/II sent. 1 of the Law, family mediation could be applied only for the matters that spouses can freely dispose of. Nonetheless, there is no consensus in the legal literature on the question of which numerus clausus family law disputes are appropriate for family mediation according to this provision. Therefore, our paper aims to evaluate the subject matter and the scope of family mediation in Turkish law, and particularly the function of family
Since the possession of a pledged chattel is required to be transferred to the pledgor for the purpose of establishment of pledge over chattel under Turkish Civil Code (Article 939-949 of the TCC), the rule requiring the delivery of the chattel in pledge to the pledge can be abandoned in exceptional circumstances only (Article 939/I, 940, 970 of the TCC). As a result of the fact that Turkish Civil Code required the transfer of possession for pledge of chattels, the chattel in pledge cannot stay under the pledgor's domination and such chattel in pledge cannot be used by the pledgor. Failure to comply with this rule would lead to non-creation of the pledge (Article 939/III of the TCC). The pledgor's inability to benefit from the pledged chattel has been a common obstacle for the use of pledge of chattel subject to transfer of possession especially in commercial transactions. In this respect, the legislator has also accepted the necessity of the pledgor's use of the pledged chattel after the establishment of pledge as well as obtaining the required financing in order to repay the debt that is secured by the pledge. In addition to articles 940 and 979 of the TCC relating to pledge of chattels under a registry and without transfer of possession, firstly the Commercial Enterprise Pledge Law numbered 1447 and after its abolishment, the Law numbered 6750 on Pledge of Chattel in Commercial Transactions have set out a new legal regime relating to pledge of chattel under a registry and without transfer of possession. In our study, the latest amendments to the Law numbered 6750 on Pledge of Chattel in Commercial Transactions and the pledgor's rights under these amendments will be analyse with a particular focus on the pledgor's authority to dispose the pledged chattel and its consequences under Turkish Property Law.
Boşanma usulü konusunda son yıllarda yaşanan gelişmelerden en önemlisi, anlaşmalı olarak gerçekleştirilmek istenen boşanmalarda eşlere mahkeme dışında, idari makamlar önünde boşanma imkânının verilmiş olmasıdır. Her ne kadar kamu düzeni ve özellikle boşanma sürecinde eşlerin ve çocukların korunması gerektiği düşüncesiyle aleyhinde görüşler ileri sürülmüş olsa da mahkeme dışı boşanma kurumu, mahkemelerin iş yükünü azaltması, eşleri yüksek mahkeme ve avukatlık ücretlerinden kurtarması ve boşanma sürecini hızlandırması gibi sebeplerle uygulaması günden güne artan bir kurumdur. Özellikle Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin bazılarında son yıllarda bu yönde yasal değişiklikler yapıldığı görülmektedir. Buna karşılık mahkeme dışı boşanma kurumu aile hukuku ilişkilerinin kamu düzenini yakıdan ilgilendirmesi ve boşanma sürecinde hâkimin rolü nedeniyle Türk hukukunda kabul görmemektedir. Ancak ülkemizde gerçekleştirilen boşanmaların önemli bir kısmının anlaşmalı olarak gerçekleştiği göz önüne alındığında, sağladığı avantajlar nedeniyle ileride doğru bir yasal düzenleme ile bu kurumun Türk hukukunda da kabul edilebileceği düşünülebilir. Bu çalışma mahkeme dışı boşanma kurumunu bazı ülke hukuklarından örneklerle ele almakta ve bu kurum karşısında Türk hukukunun mevcut yaklaşımını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
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