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Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HaP) and ionic liquid (IL) modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) are newly developed in this assay. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were applied to examine the microscopic and electrochemical characterization of HaP and IL-modified biosensors. The interaction of curcumin with nucleic acids and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples was investigated by measuring the changes at the oxidation signals of both curcumin and guanine by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The optimization of curcumin concentration, DNA concentration, and the interaction time was performed. The interaction of curcumin with PCR samples was also investigated by gel electrophoresis.

Background: The decision matrix risk assessment (DMRA) is a systematic approach widely adopted in risk management in occupational health and safety to make a risk analysis and assessment and assist in decision-making for risk tolerability. Risk is a substantial part of sports organizations as well as other organizations and daily life; therefore, it is inevitable in any activity. One may encounter various risks of injury since sports fields and equipment are not ergonomic for performing sports activities healthily Aim: Ultimately, to help improve the conditions of sports activities, the present strummed to determine the activities to be maintained as a result of a risk assessment using the decision matrix risk assessment technique where accidents are classified by their severity and probabilities. Methods: The present study adopted DMRA (L-shaped matrix); it is among the systematic methods widely used in occupational health and safety (OHS) risk assessment. In general, it is an assessment technique where one may obtain a risk assessment value by considering two factors. Results: Likewise, we identified those requiring control measures and a cease at the last resort. Conclusion: Overall, we proposed some corrective actions that may help prevent the occurrence of the presented accidents through the implementation of occupational health and safety regulations published by the correspondent institutions. Keywords: Risk assessment, sports activity, health and safety, decision matrix, risk analysis