The aim of this research is to reveal the relationship between secondary school students' reflective thinking tendencies towards problem solving and perceptions of problem solving skills. The research was designed in correlational survey model and was conducted with 350 students in a secondary school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Van province. "Perceptions Scale of Problem Solving Skills for Secondary School Students" and "Reflective Thinking Skill Scale for Problem Solving" were used as data collection tools in this research. Descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA, Pearson Product Moments Correlation Coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were used in data analysis. As a result of the research, it was found that secondary school students' perceptions of problem solving skills are at moderate level and their reflective thinking tendencies towards problem solving are at high level. While there is no significant difference in the secondary school students' perceptions of problem solving skills according to gender; it was concluded that female students' reflective thinking tendencies towards problem solving are higher than male students. It was determined that secondary school students' perceptions of problem solving skills and reflective thinking tendencies towards problem solving do not show significant difference according to the grade level. In addition, it was found that there is a moderate, positive and significant relationship between their perceptions of problem solving skills and reflective thinking tendencies towards problem solving, and their reflective thinking tendencies towards problem solving explained 28.9% of the variance in students' perceptions of problem solving skills.
It is frequently stated that stereotypes and cultural values about gender roles are effective in children's adoption of sexual identities, shaping of their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in ac cordance with their sexual identities and the construction of their gender roles. By creating learning environments where roles that will satisfy the needs of modern life developed independently from gender stereotypes, preschool teac hers can help structuring perceptions of children on gender equality. In this context, it is considered that preschool education program should be enriched with educational materials and activities to improve a point of view related to gender equality in early childhood period. In this research, it is aimed to investigate the effec ts of educational activities and materials for gender equality on the gender stereotypes of children in preschool period. The research was c onducted as an experimental field study with experimental and control groups. The study group consists of 84 children aged 5 in an independent kindergarten in İzmir. It was found that there was a significant difference between the posttest scores of the experimental and control groups in terms of tasks/jobs, professions, toys, games, hobbies and emotions after the implementation of the education program supporting gender equality.
The researches on the understanding of social gender stereotypes among children has so far been mainly focused on professions, game, toys and colors, which leaves out a wide range of fields of focus that could be studied. In this context, this research aims to examine whether 5-year-olds have social gender stereotypes in terms of professions, hobbies, games, toys, colors, emotions and tasks/chores and explore in which dimensions these stereotypes are more frequently observed. The participant group of this research consists of 91 children who attend an independent kindergarten in Izmir province. We choose to conduct our study in line with descriptive survey method; and for data collection, we utilize "Gender Stereotype Measurement Tool" designed by Şıvgın and "Gender Stereotype Child Interview Form" which was created by researched working in the field. The result indicated that children have stereotypical perceptions about gender regarding professions, roles, hobbies, emotions, attributions, colors, game and toys.
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