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A group of N-phenylacetamide derivatives bearing five membered heterocyclic rings, pyrazole or 1,2,4-triazole, were synthesized to investigate their cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Acetylcholinesterase (Ache) and butyrylcholinesterase (Buche) inhibitory activities were evaluated by using ellman's spectroscopic method. results indicated that all of the compounds displayed moderate and selective Ache inhibitory activity and the most active compound was 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide with an ıc 50 value of 6.68 mM. Docking studies were also carried out for the most active compound.

This study was aimed to develop novel compounds to combat antimicrobial resistance, which is one of the biggest threats to global health. For this purpose, compounds bearing triazolopyrimidinone ring and N-(methylnaphthalene)piperazine (NMP) hybrids were designed and synthesized. Ten new compounds were synthesized and after proving their chemical structures were tested for antimicrobial activity using disk diffusion and microdilution method against Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and fungal strains (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis). Antibiofilm activity and ethidium bromide accumulation assay results were also determined for the selected compounds. Among the tested compounds, hybrid compound H5 showed promising activity against E. faecalis with 16-fold potency compared to its precursor, TP5. Additionally, it has statistically significant inhibition of biofilm production at 10 µg/ml dose against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and a decreasing effect on the relative accumulation of ethidium bromide in P. aeruginosa at 100 µg/ml dose (85.07%) after 30 min. 2,5-disubstitued[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinone heterocyclic core structure and its antimicrobial activity are reported to the literature for the first time in this study.

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Five-membered heteroaromatic ring fused pyridine derivatives are of increasing interest in drug design and medicinal chemistry. The structural similarity of many drugs (especially antiviral and anticancer ones) with DNA bases such as adenine and guanine is a key factor to explain their effectiveness. Apart from these, it is also found in the structures of substances with antituberculosis, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antimalarial activities. Another advantage of this group of compounds is their positive contribution to solubility, polarity, lipophilicity, and hydrogen bonding capacity properties of the compounds they are incorporated into. In this chapter, various bioactivities of fused pyridine derivatives will be categorized and summarized.

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In the title compound, C16H14N2O3S, the 1,3-benzoxazole ring system is essentially planar (r.m.s deviation = 0.004 Å) and makes a dihedral angle of 66.16 (17)° with the benzene ring of the methoxyphenyl group. Two intramolecular N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds occur, forming S(5) and S(7) ring motifs, respectively. In the crystal, pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into inversion dimers with R 2 2(14) ring motifs, stacked along the b-axis direction. The inversion dimers are linked by C—H...π and π–π-stacking interactions [centroid-to-centroid distances = 3.631 (2) and 3.631 (2) Å], forming a three-dimensional network. Two-dimensional fingerprint plots associated with the Hirshfeld surface show that the largest contributions to the crystal packing come from H...H (39.3%), C...H/H...C (18.0%), O...H/H...O (15.6) and S...H/H...S (10.2%) interactions.