Background We aimed to evaluate possible intracranial pressure changes caused by screw activation during the microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) treatment of post-pubertal individuals by measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) under ultrasonography (US) guidance. Methods This study’s participants comprised 15 patients (7 males, 8 females) with posterior crossbite and a mean age of 16.7 years (14.25–20.08 years). The Maxillary Skeletal Expander (MSE) appliance was used to perform MARPE in all patients. Their vital signs were recorded. The ONSD was measured by US immediately before the first screw activation (T0), and the measurements were repeated 1 minute (T1) and 10 minutes (T2) after the first activation. In the last session of the MARPE treatment, the same measurement procedure as in the first activation session (T3, T4, and T5) was followed. The patients’ perceptions of pain during the screw activation were also noted at T1 and T4 using a four-category verbal rating scale. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant for the analyses. Results The ONSD values (T1 and T4) relatively increased within 1 minute after screw activation but did not reach a statistically significant level (p > 0.01). There was also no significant difference between the initial (T0) and the final (T7) ONSD values during the active MARPE treatment (p > 0.01). Conclusion There was no clinically or statistically significant change in the ONSD values measured by US at different times after screw activation.
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