In this study, we present a new, unique fourcross shaped metamaterial terahertz (THz) filter fabricated from both gold thin films and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−d high T c superconducting thin films. A commercial electromagnetic simulation software, CST Microwave Studio, is used to design and optimize the metamaterial filter structures. The proposed fourcross shaped rectangular filter structure consists of periodic metallic rings where strip lines are located at the sides of the ring. Fourcross metamaterial filters are fabricated by using e-beam lithography and ion beam etching techniques. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements validated the design predictions for both the center frequencies and bandwidths of the resonances due to the fourcross structures. The resonance switching of the transmission spectra was investigated by lowering the temperature below the critical transition temperature. This resonance switching effect is not observed in filters made up of metals. This novel fourcross rectangular resonator with a temperature-dependent resonance behavior holds great potential for active, tunable and low loss THz devices for imaging, sensing, and detection applications.
Background and purpose Ehlers–Danlos syndromes are hereditary disorders of connective tissue that are characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility and tissue fragility. The most common subtype is the hypermobile type. In addition to symptoms of small fibre neuropathy (SFN) due to damage to the small peripheral nerve fibres, with degeneration of the distal nerve endings, autonomic disorders such as postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) are frequently reported features in patients with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS). To date, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still not completely understood. Study Purpose To better understand pathophysiological mechanisms of small fiber neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy in hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndromes. Methods We prospectively investigated 31 patients with hEDS compared to 31 healthy controls by using skin biopsy, quantitative sensory testing, tilt‐table testing, the painDetect, Small Fibre Neuropathy Screening List and the COMPASS‐31 (Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31) questionnaire. Results Nineteen (61%) patients with hEDS were diagnosed with SFN, and 10 (32%) fulfilled the criteria for PoTS. Patients with hEDS had significantly higher heart rates than controls. According to quantitative sensory testing, these patients had generalized thermal and tactile hypesthesia. Skin biopsy revealed significantly reduced intraepithelial nerve fibre density proximally (thigh) and distally (lower leg) in patients compared to controls. This was consistent with various complaints of pain and sensory disturbances in both the proximal and distal body regions. Conclusion These results confirm histologically proven SFN as a common feature in patients with hEDS, revealing a generalized distribution of nerve fibre loss. Regarding the frequently reported autonomic and neuropathic dysfunctions, the findings support SFN as an important, but not the only, underlying pathomechanism.
Bu çalışmada, ev tipi bir buzdolabının analitik incelemesi yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda buzdolabının soğutma yükü hesaplanmış, ana ve yardımcı elemanları seçilmiş ve tasarlanan buzdolabının enerji tüketim değeri de belirlenmiştir. Soğutma yükünü meydana getiren; iletim (transmisyon) ısı yükü, ürün ısı yükü, hava değişim (infiltrasyon) ısı yükü ve diğer ısı yüklerinin, buzdolabının soğutucu ve dondurucu bölümlerinde oluşturdukları etkiler hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, soğutma yükünü oluşturan; her bir ısı yükünün, toplam soğutma yüküne olan etkisi ortaya konmuştur. Toplam soğutma yükünün, iletim ısı yükü % 39,85'ini, ürün ısı yükü %25,90'ını, hava değişim (infiltrasyon) ısı yükü ise %20,74'ünü oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Geriye kalan %13,51'i de diğer yükler oluşturmaktadır.Çalışmada literatürdeki değerler, TSE EN 62552 standartı ile birlikte ülkemizde buzdolabı üretimini gerçeleştiren bir firmanın, kullandığı yöntemler göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda da söz konusu bilgiler ile buzdolabının enerji tüketimi göz önüne alınarak enerji sınıfının A++ olduğu belirlenmiştir.
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